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EC number: 308-551-1 | CAS number: 98072-94-7 Natural ilmenite ore is concentrated by selective removal of impurities, chiefly iron, to yield a product enriched in titanium dioxide. The process consists of an optional oxidative roast followed by a reductive roasting stage, an acidic leaching stage and washing and drying the product. Alternatively the process consists of selectively chlorinating the iron oxide present in the reduced ore.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
No reliable acute toxicity data on aquatic invertebrates are available for synthetic rutile. A read-across approach between synthetic rutile and TiO2 is used. All reliable acute toxicity tests to invertebrates for TiO2 resulted in unbounded L(E)C50 values ranging from >10 to >10,000 mg TiO2/L, as observed for 4 different invertebrate species in both freshwater and salt water. These reliable results cover a range of TiO2 products with varying particle size (from nano-particles to bulk powders). All these results are taken together in a weight of evidence approach, and it is concluded that TiO2 is not toxic to aquatic invertebrates at >1,000 mg TiO2/L and at >10,000 mg TiO2/L in freshwater and marine water, respectively. The values for synthetic rutile in freshwater and marine water are >1,000 mg TiO2/L and >10,000 mg TiO2/L, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1 000 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 10 000 mg/L
Additional information
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