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EC number: 214-946-9 | CAS number: 1222-05-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- study initiation at May 17th 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliability 1 is assigned because the study is conducted according to OECD TG 471, without deviations that influence the quality of the results, in compliance with GLP.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report Date:
- 1994
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Genotoxicity Tests with 6-Acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7- hexamethyltetraline and|1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma|--benzopyran.
- Author:
- Api, A.M., and San, R.H.C.
- Year:
- 1 999
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research, 446: 67-81.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): HHCB
- Physical state: clear, colorless viscous liquid
- Analytical purity: >99%
- Storage condition of test material: 2 - 8 degrees celcius, protected from exposure to light. Headspace was purged with nitrogen.
Method
- Target gene:
- TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538
WP2 UVRA
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538; Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA with and without S-9 activation.
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 10 and 5000 ug/plate
The maximum dose tested was 5000 µg per plate. This dose was delivered to the test system as a clear solution in acetone using a plating aliquot of 50 µl. The results of the dose range-finding study indicate that precipitate but no appreciable toxicity was observed. Therefore, the maximum dose that was plated in the mutagenicity assay was 5000 µg per plate. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: no data
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene (with S9 activation); 2-nitrofluorene (without S9 activation)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Ames test
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 12 hours in shaker/incubator
- Exposure duration: 48 - 72 hours
Frozen Permanent Stocks were prepared by growing fresh overnight cultures, adding DMSO (0.09 ml/ml of culture) and freezing away approximately 1.5 ml aliquots in glass vials. Frozen Permanent Stocks were stored at <_-70°C. Master plates were prepared by streaking each Salmonella tester strain from a frozen permanent onto minimal medium supplemented with histidine (260 µM), biotin (3 µM) and, for strains containing the R-factor, ampicillin (25 µg/ml). Master plates for E. coli were prepared by streaking onto nutrient bottom agar. Master plates were incubated at 37±2°C for 24 to 48 hours and stored at 4±2°C.
Overnight cultures were prepared by inoculating from the appropriate master plate or from the appropriate frozen permanent stock into a vessel containing ~50 ml of culture medium. To assure that cultures were harvested in late log phase, the length of incubation was controlled and monitored. Following inoculation, each flask was placed in a resting shaker/incubator at room temperature. The shaker/incubator was programmed to begin shaking at approximately 125 rpm at 37±2°C approximately 12 hours before the anticipated time of harvest. Each culture was monitored spectrophotometrically for turbidity and was harvested at a percent transmittance yielding a titer of approximately 109 cells per milliliter. The actual titers were determined by viable count assays on nutrient agar plates.
On the day of their use in the mutagenicity assay, all tester strain cultures were checked for the correct genotype. The presence of the rfa wall mutation and the deletion in the uvrB gene were confirmed for Salmonella by demonstration of sensitivity to crystal violet and ultraviolet light, respectively. The presence of the pKM101 plasmid was confirmed for Salmonella tester strains TA98 and TA100 by demonstration of resistance to ampicillin. The deletion in the uvrA gene was confirmed for E. coli by demonstration of sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Spontaneous reversion frequencies in the vehicle controls that are characteristic of the respective strains were demonstrated by plating 100 µl aliquots of the culture along with the appropriate vehicle on selective media.
Test article dilutions were prepared immediately before use. One-half (0.5) milliliter of S9 or Sham mix, 100 µl of tester strain and 50 µl of vehicle or test article were added to 2.0 ml of molten selective top agar at 45±2°C. After vortexing, the mixture was overlaid onto the surface of 25 ml of minimal bottom agar. After the overlay had solidified, the plates were inverted and incubated for approximately 48 to 72 hours at 37±2°C. Plates that were not counted immediately following the incubation period were stored at 4±2°C until colony counting could be conducted. The condition of the bacterial background lawn was evaluated for evidence of test article toxicity and precipitate by using a dissecting microscope. This toxicity and precipitate were scored relative to the vehicle control plate, using the criteria and codes that appear in Figure 3. Revertant colonies for a given tester strain and
activation condition, except for the positive controls, were counted either entirely by automated colony counter or entirely by hand unless 1) the assay is the dose range f i nding assay, 2) the plate meets the criteria for toxicity defined in the protocol or 3) the plate exhibits definitive mutagenic activity and precipitate accounts for <25 % of the machine-determined revertant count. Plates with sufficient test article precipitate to interfere with automated colony counting were counted manually except as noted above.
OTHER: - Evaluation criteria:
- For a test article to be evaluated positive, it must cause a dose-related increase in the mean revertants per plate of at least one tester strain over a minimum of two increasing concentrations of test article as specified below:
Strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538
Data sets will be judged positive if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response is equal to or greater than three times the mean vehicle control value.
Strains TA98, TA100 and WP2 uvrA
Data sets will be judged positive if the increase in mean revertants at the peak of the dose response is equal to or greater than two times the mean vehicle control value. - Statistics:
- For each replicate plating, the mean and standard deviation of the number of revertants per plate was calculated.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- bacteria, other: S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and E. coli WP2 uvrA
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: No cytotoxicity at the highest dose
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Slight precipitation is seen at the three highest doses (≥333 µg/plate). All dose levels of HHCB, acetone (negative control) and positive controls were plated in triplicate. All positive controls gave positive responses to the systems within acceptable ranges. No significant increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed for HHCB at any dose with any of the six strains with or without activation.
- Remarks on result:
- other: other: Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538; Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA with and without S-9 activation.
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
No significant increase in the number of revertant colonies
was observed at doses of 10 - 5000 ug/plate.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with and without metabolic activation
All positive controls gave positive responses to the systems within acceptable ranges. No significant increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed for HHCB at any dose with any of the six strains with or without activation - Executive summary:
HHCB (>99% pure) in acetone was tested in the Ames test in absence or presence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 at a dose ranging from 10 to 5000 mg/plate according to OECD guideline 471 using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and Escherichia Coli strain WP2 UVRA and appropriate positive controls. Based on preliminary range-finding studies, doses of 10 (not tested in confirmation assay), 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 (only tested in confirmation assay) or 5000 µg HHCB/plate were used. Slight precipitation was seen at the three highest doses (≥333 µg/plate). All dose levels of HHCB, acetone (negative control) and positive controls were plated in triplicate. All positive controls gave positive responses to the systems within acceptable ranges. No significant increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed for HHCB at any dose with any of the six strains with or without activation.
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