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Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

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Endpoint:
bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Test procedure according to guideline without detailed documentation
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 305 (Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test)
Deviations:
not specified
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Method: other: corresponding to OECD guideline 305 C
GLP compliance:
not specified
Details on sampling:
Frequency of analysis:
water: twice a week
fish: every two weeks
Vehicle:
yes
Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
For the preparation of the stock solution suitable solvents and surfactants were used (EC50 -values of these compounds are presented)
Test organisms (species):
Cyprinus carpio
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Fish were supplied from Sugishima fish farm
- Fish were kept in an acclimatisation tank for 1-2 months at a temperature of 25 +/- °C after external desinfection in an aqueous solution
containing 50 mg/L Terramycin and 7 g/L sodium chloride
Route of exposure:
aqueous
Test type:
flow-through
Water / sediment media type:
natural water: freshwater
Total exposure / uptake duration:
42 d
Test temperature:
25 °C
Dissolved oxygen:
6-8 mg/l;
Details on test conditions:
ACCLIMATISATION:
- fish were kept in tank at a temperature of 25 +/- 2°C for ca. 28 days
- After this period, the fish were transferred into test tanks

TEST SYSTEM
1) Test tank: glass tank, water volume 100 L
2) Number of fish/level: 15-20
3) Duration of exposure: 6-8 weeks
4) Flow-through system (flow rate 200-800 ml/min, dilution water = groundwater from the test site)
5) Feeding during test: pelleted feed for carps
Nominal and measured concentrations:
0.5 mg/l
Type:
BCF
Value:
> 1.1 - <= 1.8 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Remarks on result:
other: Conc.in environment / dose:0.5 mg/L
Type:
BCF
Value:
< 10 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Remarks on result:
other: Conc.in environment / dose:0.05 mg/L
Elimination:
not specified
Endpoint:
bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Method: other: Flow-through Bioaccumulation Test
GLP compliance:
not specified
Radiolabelling:
yes
Details on sampling:
- samples of 5 ml water and 5 fish each on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14 (other  substances: also 21 and 28) of exposure; control water on days 0, 28;
- samples of 5 fish on days 1, 2, 4, and 7 of depuration;
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- 50 ul (out of 50 ml) of stock solution thoroughly mixed with 500 ml  water before introduction into aquarium
Test organisms (species):
Lepomis macrochirus
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)
- source: commercial fish farm in Connecticut
- wet weight 0.37 +/- 0.18 to 0.94 +/- 0.34 g;
- length 25 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 4 mm;
- acclimation period 30 days

Route of exposure:
aqueous
Test type:
flow-through
Water / sediment media type:
natural water: freshwater
Total exposure / uptake duration:
14 d
Total depuration duration:
7 d
Hardness:
total hardness: 35 mg/l as CaCO3
Test temperature:
16 +/-1°C
pH:
7.1
Details on test conditions:
TEST EQUIPMENT
- well water, pH 7.1, 
- glass aquaria of 40 cm length, 20 cm width, 25 cm height / 19 cm depth;
- turnover rate six to seven aquarium volumes per day;
- temperature 16 +/- 1 °C; 
- no aeration; regular determination of dissolved oxygen;

TEST PROCEDURE
- 100 fish per aquarium
- dry pelleted food ad libitum on alternating days
- removal of feces as deemed necessary
- duration until equilibrium, maximum 28 days (isophorone: 14 days),  
followed by:
- transfer to aquarium with pollutant-free water;
- further duration 7 days

Nominal and measured concentrations:
92.4 µg/l +/- 10.5 µg/l
Type:
BCF
Value:
7 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
14 d
Calculation basis:
steady state
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
DT50
Depuration time (DT):
1 d


Half-life in tissues = 1 day

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The results indicate that isophorone has a very low potential for bioaccumulation.
Executive summary:

The bioaccumulation potential of Isophorone was evaluated in a bioaccumulation study with bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) according to accepted scientific principles. The BCF after 14 days of exposure was calculated to be 7 indicating that Isophorone has a very low bioaccumulation potential. The halflife which was derived from a 7-day depuration phase was calculated to be <1 day.

The reliability of the study was assessed as "reliable with restrictions":

BCF: 7

DT50: >1 day

Description of key information

The bioconcentration factor was calculated from a flow -through fish test that was conducted with 14C labelled substance. The exposure concentration was 92.4 µg/l for 14 days with a subsequent depuration phase of 7 days (Veith, 1980).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):
7 dimensionless

Additional information

The bioaccumulation potential of the substance was evaluated in a bioaccumulation study with bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) according to accepted scientific principles. The BCF after 14 days of exposure was calculated to be 7 indicating that the substance has a very low bioaccumulation potential. The half-life which was derived from a 7-day depuration phase was calculated to be <1 day (Veith 1980).  The low potential for bioaccumulation was also demonstrated in an OECD 305 study (with limited documentation) with Cyprinus carpio which reveals a BCF of <10 (CITI, 1992).