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Diss Factsheets

Physical & Chemical properties

Water solubility

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Endpoint:
water solubility
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; experimental study; predates implementation of GLP and development of study guidelines but otherwise acceptable for assessment.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The substance at one atmosphere was added to a glass equilibraton bottle with distilled water, which was then shaken for 5 to 10 minutes and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Aqueous samples were collected and analysed by gas chromatography.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: Not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
N/A
Key result
Water solubility:
61.4 other: ppm
Temp.:
25 °C
pH:
7
Remarks on result:
other: Standard pH assumed.
Details on results:
Measured values. Reported as 61.4 ± 2.6 ppm water.

N/A

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results: slightly soluble (0.1-100 mg/L)
The solubility of butane in water is 61.4 ppm at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The solubility of methane in water is 61.4 ppm at 25˚C. The study predates the implementation of GLP and standard guidelines. However, the method is described in detail and is considered appropriate for determining the solubility of a gaseous substance.

Endpoint:
water solubility
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1996
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; experimental study; predates implementation of GLP and development of study guidelines but otherwise acceptable for assessment
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to other study
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Ethane at one atmosphere was maintained in the free space above a sealed equilibrium bottle three quarters full of water. The bottle was shaken for 5 to 10 minutes and then left to stand for 30 minutes. Samples were removed with a Hamilton syringe and analysed for ethane using GC with a hydrogen-flame ionization detector. Ethane concentration were determined against a standard concentration curve.
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
Predates GLP
Type of method:
other: No data reported
Specific details on test material used for the study:
N/A
Key result
Water solubility:
60.4 other: ppm
Temp.:
25 °C
pH:
7
Remarks on result:
other: pH not reported so assumed to be standard temperature and neutral pH
Details on results:
Measured value. Reported as 60.4 ± 1.3 ppm water.

N/A

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results: slightly soluble (0.1-100 mg/L)
The water solubility of ethane at 25°C is 60.4 ppm. The endpoint value classifies the substance as slightly soluble (0.1 - 100 mg/L).
Executive summary:

This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because the source predates implementation of GLP and development of study guidelines, however the procedure and means of analysis suggest that the methodology was appropriate to evaluate the water solubility of a gaseous substance. There is otherwise no information in the article to suggest that the data are invalid. The water solubility of ethane at 25˚C is 60.4 ppm. The endpoint value classifies the substance as slightly soluble (0.1 - 100 mg/L).

Endpoint:
water solubility
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1966
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; experimental study; predates implementation of GLP and development of study guidelines but otherwise acceptable for assessment.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The substance at one atmosphere was added to a glass equilibraton bottle with distilled water, which was then shaken for 5 to 10 minutes and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Aqueous samples were collected and analysed by gas chromatography.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: Not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
N/A
Key result
Water solubility:
48.9 other: ppm
Temp.:
25 °C
pH:
7
Remarks on result:
other: Standard pH assumed.
Details on results:
Measured values. Reported as 48.9 ± 2.1 ppm water.

N/A

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results: slightly soluble (0.1-100 mg/L)
The solubility of methane in water is 48.9 ppm at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The solubility of methane in water is 48.9 ppm at 25˚C. The study predates the implementation of GLP and standard guidelines. However, the method is described in detail and is considered appropriate for determining the solubility of a gaseous substance.

Endpoint:
water solubility
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1966
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; experimental study; predates implementation of GLP and development of study guidelines but otherwise acceptable for assessment.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The substance at one atmosphere was added to a glass equilibraton bottle with distilled water, which was then shaken for 5 to 10 minutes and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Aqueous samples were collected and analysed by gas chromatography.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: Not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
N/A
Key result
Water solubility:
24.4 other: ppm
Temp.:
25 °C
pH:
7
Remarks on result:
other: Standard pH assumed.
Details on results:
Measured values. Reported as 24.4 ± 1.0 ppm water.

N/A

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results: slightly soluble (0.1-100 mg/L)
The solubility of methane in water is 24.4 ppm at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The solubility of methane in water is 24.4 ppm at 25˚C. The study predates the implementation of GLP and standard guidelines. However, the method is described in detail and is considered appropriate for determining the solubility of a gaseous substance.

Endpoint:
water solubility
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1966
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; experimental study; predates implementation of GLP and development of study guidelines but otherwise acceptable for assessment.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The substance at one atmosphere was added to a glass equilibraton bottle with distilled water, which was then shaken for 5 to 10 minutes and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Aqueous samples were collected and analysed by gas chromatography.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Remarks:
No data reported
Type of method:
other: Not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
N/A
Key result
Water solubility:
62.4 other: ppm
Temp.:
25 °C
pH:
7
Remarks on result:
other: Standard pH assumed.
Details on results:
Measured values. Reported as 62.4 ± 3.1 ppm water.

N/A

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results: slightly soluble (0.1-100 mg/L)
The solubility of propane in water is 62.4 ppm at 25°C.
Executive summary:

The solubility of propane in water is 62.4 ppm at 25˚C. The study predates the implementation of GLP and standard guidelines. However, the method is described in detail and is considered appropriate for determining the solubility of a gaseous substance.

Description of key information

The water solubility of the substances in the category ranges from 24.4 to 62.4 ppm at 25°C.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Water solubility:
51.5 mg/L
at the temperature of:
25 °C

Additional information

Data from McAuliffe (1966) were available for the substances methane, ethane, propane, butane and isobutane. Data from the CRC handbook (Lide 2008) were available for methane, ethane, propane, butane and isobutane. Data from the Merck handbook (O’Neill 2006) were available for methane, ethane, propane and butane. The information is taken from reliable peer reviewed handbooks and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.

The water solubility of methane is 24.4 mg/L at 25°C, ethane is 60.4 mg/L at 25°C, propane is 62.4 mg/L at 25°C, butane is 61.4 mg/L at 25°C and isobutane is 48.9 mg/L at 25°C. The mean of the water solubility values for the category is 51.5 mg/L at 25°C and this has been used to complete the 'key value for chemical safety assessment'.