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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to birds

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Link to relevant study record(s)

Description of key information

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for birds:
1 000 mg/kg food

Additional information

Only one dietary toxicity study with Leghorn hens was identified, reporting unbounded NOEC values of ≥1000 mg Bi/kg diet for egg production, individual feed intake and body weight change after 8 weeks feeding with a corn-soy laying mash supplemented with Bi2O3 (Hermayer et al., 1977). This study was judged not assignable (Klimisch 4) because of the lack of sufficient information on both methods and results. However, the results were used in a weight-of-evidence approach indicating the limited risk for chronic dietary toxicity of Bi metal and Bi compounds.