Cobalt zinc aluminate blue spinel

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2015-11-11 to 2015-11-25

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

1997-07-21

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

signed 2015-09-14

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Cobalt zinc aluminate blue spinel

EC Number:

269-049-5

EC Name:

Cobalt zinc aluminate blue spinel

Cas Number:

68186-87-8

Molecular formula:

Co(x)Zn(1-x)Al2O4 0,1≤x≤0,9

IUPAC Name:

Cobalt zinc aluminium spinel

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

- Chemical description: Cobalt zinc aluminate blue spinel
- Physical state: Solid, blue powder, odourless
- Structure: spinel
- Storage condition of test material: Kept dry in closed containers

Method

Target gene:

TA1537: his C 3076
TA98: his D 3052
TA1535 & TA100: his G 46
E. coli WP2 uvrA: trp-

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Pre-experiment/Experiment I: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500, and 5000 µg/plate (with and without metabolic activation)
Experiment II: 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500, and 5000 µg/plate (with and without metabolic activation)

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: deionised water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: the solvent was chosen because of its solubility properties and its relative nontoxicity to the bacteria.
All formulations were prepared freshly before treatment and used within two hours of preparation.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

deionised water

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

Positive control (without metabolic activation): concentration: 10 μg/plate (strains TA 1535 & TA 100)

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

deionised water

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine

Remarks:

Positive control (without metabolic activation): concentration: 10 μg/plate (strain TA 98) & 50 µg/plate (strain TA 1537)

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

deionised water

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

Positive control (without metabolic activation): concentration: 2.0 μL/plate (strain E. coli WP2 uvrA)

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

Positive control (with metabolic activation): concentration: 2.5 μg/plate (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 & TA100) & 10 µg/plate (strain E. coli WP2 uvrA)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: Pre-experiment/Experiment I: in agar (plate incorporation); Experiment II: preincubation

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 60 minutes
- Exposure duration (Experiment I & II): at least 48 hours at 37°C

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicate

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
To evaluate the toxicity of the test item a pre-experiment was performed with all strains used. Eight concentrations were tested for toxicity and mutation induction with each 3 plates. This pre-experiment was conducted as plate incorporation test.
Toxicity of the test item can be evident as a reduction in the number of spontaneous revertants or a clearing of the bacterial background lawn.
The pre-experiment is reported as main experiment I, since the following criteria are met:
Evaluable plates (>0 colonies) at five concentrations or more in all strains used.

ACCEPTABILITY OF THE ASSAY:
The Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
- regular background growth in the negative and solvent control
- the spontaneous reversion rates in the negative and solvent control are in the range of our historical data
- the positive control substances should produce a significant increase in mutant colony frequencies
- a minimum of five analysable dose levels should be present with at least three dose levels showing no signs of toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants below the indication factor of 0.5.

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.

Statistics:

A statistical analysis of the data is not mandatory.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

please refer to the field "Additional information on results" below

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: the test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes at 5000 μg/plate in experiment I and from 1000 to 5000 μg/plate in experiment II. Precipitation of the test item in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates was observed at 5000 μg/plate in both experiments. The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording.

DOSE SELECTION:
In the pre-experiment the concentration range of the test item was 3 – 5000 μg/plate. The pre-experiment is reported as experiment I. Since no toxic effects were observed 5000 μg/plate were chosen as maximal concentration.

CYTOTOXICITY:
The plates incubated with the test item showed normal background growth up to 5000 μg/plate with and without S9 mix in all strains used.
No toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in the test groups with and without metabolic activation.

EXPERIMENT I & EXPERIMENT II:
No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with cobalt zinc aluminate blue spinel at any concentration level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation. There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.

Please also refer for results to the field "Attached background material" below.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used.