Lead dinitrate

Guidance on Safe Use

First-aid measures

Description of first aid measures

EYE CONTACT: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician

INHALATION:  Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

SKIN CONTACT: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

INGESTION: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

Typical clinical manifestations of lead poisoning include weakness, irritability, asthenia, nausea, abdominal pain with constipation, and anaemia.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatments needed

Symptoms of poisoning may occur after several hours; therefore medical observation for at least 48 hours after the accident is recommended. In case of ingestion, induced vomiting or application of laxatives may be appropriate; treat as for lead poisoning.

There needs to be regular blood monitoring to confirm exposure controls are adequate.  

Fire-fighting measures

Extinguishing media

CO2,  dry powder or water spray. Fight larger fire with alcohol resistant foam. For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents: Water with full jet. The product itself does not burn. Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture

Avoid generating dust; fine dust dispersed in air in sufficient concentrations, and in the presence of an ignition source is a potential dust explosion hazard. Strong oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause fire. Fire or high temperature may create : Toxic gases/vapours/fumes of metal oxides or oxides. Nitrogen oxides.

Advice for fire fighters

Fire fighters should wear complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Ensure adequate ventilation to remove vapors, fumes, dust etc. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and prevent spread of contamination. Avoid generation and spreading dust. Collect in containers and seal. Eliminate all ignition sources.

Environmental precautions

Dike and collect extinguishing water. In case of spillage to water course or public sewers inform responsible authorities. Do not let it run off to waterways and sewers.

Methods and materials for containment and clearing up

Avoid generating dust. Carefully shovel or sweep up spilled material and place in suitable container. Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Vacuum spilled material.

Handling and storage

Precautions for safe handling

Pregnant women should not work with this product, if there is the least risk of lead exposure. Use good safety and industrial hygiene practices. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Work under hood. Do not breathe (dust, vapor or spray mist). Handle and open container with care. Avoid contact with heat and ignition sources.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Do not store near combustible materials. Keep away from incompatible materials. Keep container tightly closed. Store locked up..

Transport information

Land transport (UN RTDG/ADR/RID)

UN number:

UN 1469

Shipping

SpecialProvisions

Inland waterway transport (UN RTDG/ADN(R))

UN number:

UN 1469

Shipping

Remarks

Marine transport (UN RTDG/IMDG)

UN number:

UN 1469

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

lead nitrate

Chemical name:

lead dinitrate

Marine pollutant

Remarks

Air transport (UN RTDG/ICAO/IATA)

UN number:

UN 1469

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

lead nitrate

Chemical name:

lead dinitrate

Remarks

SpecialProvisions

Exposure controls / personal protection

Control parameters

Human Toxicity values

OELs - Lead and inorganic compounds (as Pb):

      Limit values – 8 hours (mg/m³)       Limit values – short term (mg/m³)

EU                     0.15       

United Kingdom            0.15       

Austria             0.1 inhalable aerosol                 0.4 inhalable aerosol

Belgium                     0.15       

Denmark             0.05 inhalable aerosol                0.10 inhalable aerosol

France             0.1 inhalable aerosol       

Germany (AGS)     0.1 inhalable aerosol       

Hungary            0.15 inhalable aerosol                 0.05 respirable aerosol

                              0.60 inhalable aerosol                  0.2 respirable aerosol

Italy           0.15 inhalable aerosol       

Poland                0.05       

Spain           0.15 inhalable aerosol       

Sweden           0.1 inhalable aerosol                    0.15 respirable aerosol       

Switzerland           0.1 inhalable aerosol               0.8 inhalable aerosol

Biological action levels, inorganic lead[Registrant to add other national biological action levels as required.]

EU                                   70 µg/dL

UK                                   60 µg/dL

Germany (suspended)       40 µg/dL

                                                     10 µg/dL (for woman of reproductive capacity)

France                                  40 µg/dL

                                                    30 µg/dL µg/dL (for woman of reproductive capacity)

Spain                                 70 µg/dL

Italy                                 60 µg/dL

                                                    40 µg/dL (for woman of reproductive capacity)

Denmark                                 20 µg/dL

DN(M)ELs for workers:

Exposure pattern       Route                           Descriptors                    DNEL/DMEL (appropriate unit)       Most sensitive endpoint

Acute - systemic effects       Dermal (mg/kg bw /day)       NA                       NA                                                                 NA

                                 Inhalation (mg/m3)       NA                       NA                                                                 NA

Acute - local effects       Dermal (mg/cm2)       NA                       NA                                                                 NA

                                 Inhalation (mg/m3)       NA                       NA                                                                 NA

Long-term - systemic effects       Systemic (μg lead /dL blood)       NOAEL = 40 μg/dL         40 μg/dL

                                                                                                          NOAEL = 10 μg/dL         10 μg/dL                        Adult neurological function

Developmental effect on foetus of pregnant women

Long-term – local effects       Dermal (mg/cm2)       NA       NA       NA

      Inhalation (mg/m3)       NA       NA       NA

Ecological toxicity values

The following Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) were used to determine the environmental risk of lead metal (lead metal powder (particle diameter < 1mm)):

Exposure pattern       Route       Descriptor       PNEC

Long-term – chronic effects       Freshwater       PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration)       3.1 μg Pb/L (dissolved)

Long-term- chronic effects       Marine       PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration)       3.5 μg Pb/L (dissolved)

Long-term – chronic effects       Freshwater Sediment       PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration)       174.0 mg Pb/kg dw1

41.0 mg Pb/kg dw2

Long-term – chronic effects       Marine Sediment       PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration)       164.0 mg Pb/kg dw

Long-term – chronic effects       Soil       PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration)       212 mg Pb/kg dw

Long-term – chronic effects       STP (Sewage Treatment Plant)       PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration)       0.1 mg Pb/L

1: without bioavailability correction; 2: with bioavailability correction

Guidance on how to comply with these PNECs is given in the attached Exposure Scenarios.

Exposure controls

Organisational measures

Personal Hygiene: Ensure workers follow simple hygiene rules (e.g. do not bite nails and keep them cut short, avoid touching or scratching face with dirty hands or gloves); Ensure workers do not wipe away sweat with hands or arms; Ensure workers use disposable tissues rather than a handkerchief; Prohibit drinking, eating and smoking in production areas, or access to eating and non-production areas in working clothes; Ensure workers wash hands, arms, faces and mouths (but preferably shower) and change into clean clothing before entering eating areas; For high exposure workplaces, separate rooms for cleaning hands, removal of clothes, showers and clean clothes may be necessary; Ensure workers handle dirty working clothes with care; Allow no personal belongings to be taken into production areas, or items that have been used in production areas to be taken home. Ensure general shop cleanliness is maintained by frequent washing/vacuuming. Clean every workplace at the end of every shift.

Blood lead monitoring: Set in place a certified monitoring regime which covers all site activities; Define a policy for submitting workers to regular blood lead monitoring, including increased frequency for workers undertaking high-risk jobs and workers with elevated blood lead levels; Ensure all workers have a blood test prior to working on site. Set an “action level” that is typically 5 µg/dL below the exposure limit deemed to be safe. If the action level is exceeded, appropriate measures are to be taken, to prevent further increases in blood lead. If the safe threshold  is exceeded, continue or begin ban on overtime, ensure strict hygiene procedures are followed, undertake detailed inspections to ensure correct use of personal protective equipment, undertake detailed inspections to ensure recommended workplace procedures are followed, move employee to workplace where exposure is expected to be lower or remove from lead environment altogether, further increase blood lead sampling frequency, and continue frequent sampling until results are below the first action level.

Personal Protection Equipment

Respiratory protection: Suitable respiratory protective device recommended recommended if work activity is likely to result in formation of lead fumes, vapours or dust. In case of brief or low level exposure use dust mask or half mask with particle filter P2. Assess the need to wear respiratory protective equipment in production areas. Consider use effective masks accompanied by a compliance policy (ensure proper shaving; ensure workers do not remove RPE in production areas in order to communicate). Where masks are used, employ formal mask cleaning and filter changing strategies.

Hand Protection: Protective gloves. Material of gloves: Neoprene or Leather.

Eye protection: Safety glasses.

Skin protection: Wear protective work clothing. For workers in areas of significant exposure, provide sufficient working clothes to enable daily change into clean clothes. In such cases all work clothing should be cleaned by the employer on a daily basis and is not permitted to leave the work site.

Environmental Protection

One or more of the following measures may if necessary be taken to reduce emissions to water:

•       Chemical precipitation: used primarily to remove the metal ions

•       Sedimentation

•       Filtration: used as final clarification step

•       Electrolysis: for low metal concentration

•       Reverse osmosis: extensively used for the removal of dissolved metals

•       Ion exchange: final cleaning step in the removal of heavy metal from process wastewater

One or more of the following measures may if necessary be taken to reduce emissions to air:

•       Electrostatic precipitators using wide electrode spacing: Wet electrostatic precipitators:

•       Cyclones, but as primary collector Fabric or bag filters: high efficiency in controlling fine particulate (melting): achieve emission values Membrane filtration techniques can achieve

•       Ceramic and metal mesh filters. PM10 particles are removed

•       Wet scrubbers

Lead compound removal from treatment works should be at least the minimum default 84% removal used in the CSR. Solid material collected from on-site treatment must be sent for metal recovery or treated as hazardous waste. Waste water treatment sludge must be recycled, incinerated or landfilled and not used as agricultural fertiliser.

Stability and reactivity

Reactivity

Lead dinitrate is not a reactive substance and no reactive hazards are expected.

Chemical stability

Expected to be stable under normal conditions of use.

Possibility of hazardous reactions

No hazardous reactions expected under normal conditions of use.

Conditions to avoid

Avoid excessive exposure to heat.

Incompatible materials

Strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous decomposition products

No decomposition if used as directed.

Disposal considerations

Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.