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EC number: 232-304-6 | CAS number: 8002-26-4 A complex combination of tall oil rosin and fatty acids derived from acidulation of crude tall oil soap and including that which is further refined. Contains at least 10% rosin.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999-02-05 to 1999-03-05
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to OECD 301 F test guideline and in compliance with GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): The activated sludge was obtained from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Reutlingen.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The innoculum was washed 2 times with dechlorinated tap water and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 1 minute, 1 g of the wet centrifugate corresponded to approx. 60 mg suspended solids. 0.1 g of the centrifugate were introduced per flask of volume 250 mL.
- Concentration of sludge: 24 mg/L suspended solids
- Water filtered: no - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 102.2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: The following stock solution were prepared, see table 1
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): No
- Test temperature: 22 ± 2 °C
- pH: 7.7
- pH adjusted: no
- Aeration of dilution water: Demineralised water was aerated for 1 day with oil-free compressed air. Before usage, the water was allowed to stand for 0.5 hours at 20 °C.
- Suspended solids concentration: 24 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: no
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Closed bottles
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 6 Flasks: 1. Test article in mineral medium + inoculum; 2: Test article in mineral medium + inoculum; 3: Mineral medium + inoculum (blank); 4: Mineral medium + inoculum (blank); 5: Reference article in mineral medium + inoculum; 6: Test article in dilution water, sterilised with 6 mL HgCl2/L medium (C HgCl2 = 10 g/L; abiotic control).
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Electrolytic oxygen supply and automatic data registration
- Measuring equipment: BOD-digi (J. Otto-GmbH), electrolytic oxygen supply with automatic data registration
- Test performed in closed vessels: Yes
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: Respirometric BOD-determination with CO2 absorption on soda lime
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Continuous BOD measurement
- Sampling method: Automatic data registration
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes: mineral medium + inoculum.
- Abiotic sterile control: Yes: test article in dilution water, sterilised with 6 mL HgCl2/L medium (C HgCl2 = 10 g/L; abiotic control).
- Toxicity control: No
STATISTICAL METHODS: None - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Test performance:
- The measurements concerning the innoculum blank, the reference substance and the test article comply with the criteria for validity in the OECD Guideline 301 F.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 73.2
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Results with reference substance:
- Test concentration: 102.2 mg/L
- Theoretical Oxygen demand (ThOD): 1,67 mg O2/mg substance
- ThOD in flask 5: 165 mg O2/L
- BOD in flask 5 after 28 days: 1.691 mgO2/mg substance or 166.6 mg O2/L (including blank)
- Biodegradation after 14 days: 91.5 %
- Biodegradation after 28 days: 97.2 % - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Readily biodegradable; no information on degradation in 10 day window
- Conclusions:
- A biodegradation value of 73 % after 28 days in a Manometric Respirometry test was determined in a reliable study conducted according to OECD 301 F, and in compliance with GLP. The test substance was considered readily biodegradable.
Reference
Table 2: BOD removal from the test flasks during the 28 day exposure
Flask |
O2 uptake (mg O2/L) |
Remarks |
|
ThODTest substance |
264.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BOD Test substance |
200.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BOD Blank |
6.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BODAbioticdegradation |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BOD Reference article |
166.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BOD Removal |
193.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BOD removal = BODtestsubstance -BODblank-BODabiotic= 193.8 mg O2/L or 1.896 mg O2/mg test substance.
Description of key information
Ready Biodegradation: 73.2% in 28 days (OECD 301F)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The biodegradation of DTO as a whole substance is required for the purposes of hazard classification. However, for risk characterisation, it is necessary to consider the properties of the individual constituents and determine their environmental fate. As a consequence, in this section, data describing the biodegradation in water of the whole substance and its constituents are considered separately.
DTO biodegradation as a whole substance
A ready biodegradation value of 73.2% (measured as percentage of theoretical oxygen demand) was achieved in 28 days using a method consistent with OECD Guideline 301 F (manometric respirometer) for Distilled Tall Oil (DTO). Although, information about the 10-day window was not available, the degradation rate is very rapid for a very poorly soluble substance. The reference substance attained 92% degradation by Day 14 and percentage degradation between replicate test samples was ± 20%, satisfying the validity criteria of the test.
In other supporting studies, DTO was readily biodegradable in a GLP test conducted according to OECD 301D (Closed Bottle Test) using an equal volume mixture of three commercially available products. The substance achieved significant levels of biodegradation (60% in 28 days) but failed to meet the 10-day window. The biodegradability of a commercial grade of DTO was measured in a GLP test according to OECD Guideline 301E (Modified OECD Screening Test). The test medium comprised an aqueous extract of the product, prepared by loading culture medium with 10 g/l test substance and stirring for 23 hours, standing for 1 hours and removing the aqueous extract by siphoning. The aqueous extract attained 64% degradation in 28 days.
However, the assessment of biodegradability of the test substance is based on the test conducted in accordance to OECD 301F because this is more applicable to a poorly soluble substance like DTO. As a whole, it can be concluded that DTO is readily biodegradable for purposes of classification and labelling.
The biodegradation of the individual constituents of the substance are discussed below.
Biodegradation of constituents of DTO: Estimated data
For environmental risk assessment it is necessary to consider the biodegradability of the constituent blocks of DTO. The method used for modelling the biodegradation of the individual constituents is detailed in PFA (2010b).
Table 4.3 shows the summary from BIOWIN Ultimate model for the constituent blocks of DTO, and the resulting biodegradation rating used for modelling degradation in the waste water treatment plant. The ratings are:
RB10 Readily Biodegradable meeting the ’10-day window’
RBN Readily biodegradable not meeting the ’10-day window’
INHY Inherently biodegradable fulfilling criteria
INHN Inherently biodegradable not fulfilling criteria
NB Not biodegradable.
However the predicted biodegradation rating for the resin acids constituents in Block 4 – 6 were overwritten based on available reliable measured ready biodegradation data for these groups of constituents. A ready biodegradation of 64% in 28 days using OECD 301B has been determined for the resin acid constituents of DTO (Schaefer EC and Haberlein D (1998)).
Table 4.3: Biodegradation class for the constituents of DTO
Block |
Constituents |
Biodegradation class |
|||
1 |
Low boiling fatty acids |
RB10 |
|||
2 |
C16 saturated - C18.3 unsaturated fatty acids |
RBN |
|||
3 |
C18 saturated - C24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids |
RBN |
|||
4 |
Abietic acid |
RBN |
|||
5 |
Palustric acid |
RBN |
|||
6 |
Pimaric acid |
RBN |
|||
7 |
Sesquiterpene |
INHN |
|||
8 |
Abietol |
INHN |
|||
9 |
Tetracosanol and dehydrated sterol |
INHY |
|||
10 |
Aldehydes |
NB |
|||
11 |
Dimethoxystilbene |
INHN |
|||
12 |
Sitosterols and analoque |
NB |
|||
13 |
Polymeric acids |
NB |
|||
14 |
Polymeric neutrals |
NB |
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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