4,4'-sulphonyldiphenol

Skin irritation / corrosion

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010-03-15 to 2010-04-14

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)

Version / remarks:

April 13, 2004

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD: Draft proposal for a new guideline on in vitro skin irritation: Human skin model test of 06-06-2008

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4,4'-sulphonyldiphenol

EC Number:

201-250-5

EC Name:

4,4'-sulphonyldiphenol

Cas Number:

80-09-1

Molecular formula:

C12H10O4S

IUPAC Name:

4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): DHDPS
- Analytical purity: 99.89 area-%
- Lot/batch No.: Test-substance No.: 05/0066-3; Batch identification: Big-bag 80

In vitro test system

Test system:

human skin model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

non-transformed keratinocytes

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on test system:

The EpiDermTM model consists of normal, human-derived epidermal keratinocytes which have been cultured to form a multi layered, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis. It consists of organized basal, spinous and granular layers, and a multi-layered stratum corneum containing intercellular lamellar lipid layers arranged in patterns analogous to those found in vivo. The EpiDermTM tissues (surface 0.6 cm²) are cultured on specially prepared cell culture inserts (MILLICELLs®, 10 mm ∅) and commercially available as kits (EpiDerm™ 200), containing 24 tissues on shipping agarose. Based on the results of ECVAM (European Center for Validation of Alternative Methods) funded validation studies, it was concluded by the ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee that the EpiDerm™ human epidermis model is suitable to be used for distinguishing between corrosive and non-corrosive chemicals (ECVAM: ESAC statement on the application of the EpidermTM human skin model for skin corrosivity testing of 14-15 Mar 2000) as well as between irritant and non-irritant chemicals.

Control samples:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Amount/concentration applied:

25 µL bulk volume (about 15 mg) of test substance

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Exposure times (Corrosion test):
1. 3 minutes
2. 1 hour

Exposure times (Irritation test):
1. 1 hour
2. 42-h post incubation period

Number of replicates:

2 Tissues each for 3 min and 1 hour exposure times (corrosion test); 3 tissues for 1 hour exposure times

Test system

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
-Corrosion test:
From the day of arrival in the laboratory, tissues were kept in the refrigerator. At least 1 hour but not more than 1.5 hours before test-substance application, tissues were transferred to 6- well plates with 0.9 mL assay medium and preconditioned in the incubator at 37°C. The preincubation
medium was replaced with fresh medium immediately before application.
Two tissues per exposure time (3 minutes at room temperature or 1 hour in the incubator, as a rule) and test group (test material, negative control and positive control; 12 tissues per test) were used.
For the solid test substance, 25 μL highly de-ionized water was applied first. Thereafter, a bulk volume of 25 μL of the test material was applied with a sharp spoon and homogeneously distributed with the water.
Control tissues were concurrently applied with 50 μL of highly de-ionized water (negative control, NC) or with 50 μL of 8 n potassium hydroxide (positive control, PC).
The tissues were washed with PBS to remove residual test material 3 minutes or 1 hour after start of the application treatment. Rinsed tissues were kept in 24-well plates (holding plates) at room temperature on assay medium until all tissues per application time were dosed and rinsed. The assay medium was then replaced by MTT solution and tissues were incubated for 3 hours.
After incubation, tissues were washed with PBS and the formazan produced by the tissues was extracted with isopropanol over night at room temperature. The optical density at a wavelength of 570 nm (OD570) of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. Blank values were established of 6 microtiter wells filled with isopropanol for each microtiter plate.

-Irritation test:
On the day of arrival in the laboratory, the tissues were transferred to sterile 6-well plates with 0.9 mL assay medium and preconditioned in the incubator at 37°C. After 1 hour the preincubation medium was replaced with fresh medium and preconditioning continued for 18 ± 3 hours.
Three tissues were treated with the test substance, the PC and NC, respectively.
For the solid test substance, 25 μL sterile PBS was applied first. Thereafter, a bulk volume of 25 μL of the test material was applied with a sharp spoon and homogeneously distributed together with the fluid.
Control tissues were concurrently applied with 30 μL of sterile PBS (negative control, NC) or with 30 μL of 5% SDS (positive control, PC). A nylon mesh was placed carefully onto the tissue surface afterwards.
The tissues were kept under the laminar flow hood at room temperature for 25 minutes overall and for 35 minutes in the incubator.
The tissues were washed with sterile PBS to remove residual test material 1 hour after start of application. Rinsed tissues were blotted on sterile absorbent paper and transferred into new 6-well plates, pre-filled with 0.9 mL fresh medium. When all tissues were rinsed, the surface of each tissue was carefully dried with a sterile cotton swab. Subsequently, the tissues were incubated in the incubator at 37°C for 24 ± 2 hours.
After 24 ± 2 hours the tissues were transferred into new 6-well plates pre-filled with 0.9 mL of fresh medium and placed into the incubator for additional 18 ± 2 hours post-incubation period.
After the post-incubation period, the assay medium was replaced by 0.3 mL MTT solution and the tissues were incubated in the incubator for 3 hours. After incubation, the tissues were washed with PBS to stop the MTT-incubation.
The formazan that was metabolically produced by the tissues was extracted by incubation of the tissues in isopropanol for at least 2 hours at room temperature on a plate shaker. The optical density at a wavelength of 570 nm (OD570) of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. Blank values were established of 6 microtiter wells filled with isopropanol for each microtiter plate.

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Results 1

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

mean, 3 min exposure

Value:

112

Results 2

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

mean, 1 hour exposure

Value:

105

Results 3

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

mean, 1 hour exposure

Value:

106

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Based on the results, it was concluded, that 4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol does not show a skin irritation potential in the EpiDermTM skin corrosion/irritation test.

Executive summary:

4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol was tested by a single topical application of 25 μL bulk volume (about 15 mg) of the test substance to a reconstructed three dimensional human epidermis model (EpiDerm™). For the corrosion test two EpiDerm™ tissue samples were incubated with the test substance for 3 minutes and 1 hour, respectively. The irritation test was performed with three EpiDerm™ tissue samples, which were incubated with the test substance for 1 hour followed by a 42-hours post-incubation period.

Tissue destruction was determined by measuring the metabolic activity of the tissue after exposure/post-incubation using a colorimetric test. The reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, measured by reduced formazan production after incubation with a tetrazolium salt (MTT) was chosen as suitable endpoint. The formazan production of the test substance treated epidermal tissues is compared to that of negative control tissues. The quotient of the values indicates the relative tissue viability.

The EpiDerm™ skin corrosivity/irritation test showed the following results:

The test substance is not able to reduce MTT directly.

Corrosion test:

The mean viability of the test-substance treated tissues determined after an exposure period of 3 minutes was 112%, and it was 105% after an exposure period of 1 hour.

Irritation test:

The mean viability of the test-substance treated tissues determined after an exposure period of 1 hour with about 42 hours post-incubation was 106%.

Based on the results, it was concluded, that 4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol does not show a skin irritation potential in the EpiDermTM skin corrosion/irritation test.