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Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
21.72 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
12.5
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
154 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
271.52 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

To convert the oral NOAEL into inhalatory NOAEC, a rat default respiratory volume was used corresponding to the daily duration of human exposure (sRVrat: 0.38 m3/kg bw/8h). For workers a correction was added for the difference between respiratory rates under standard conditions (sRVhuman: 6.7 m3 for an 8h exposure period) and under conditions of light activity (wRV: 10 m3 for an 8h exposure period). Oral absorption = 100% and inhalation absorption assumed to = 100% as worse-case. Thus, the corrected starting point for inhalation is: 154 mg/kg bw/d x (1/0.38 m3/kg bw/8h) x (6.7 m3 for 8h exposure /10 m3 for 8h exposure) = 271.52 mg/m3 for workers.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Not applicable for inhalation
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
default value
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
30.8 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
154 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 540 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

oral absorption = 100%

Dermal absorption = 10% (conservative value)

AF for dose response relationship:
1
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
default value
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
default value
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
5.36 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
154 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
133.91 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

154 /0.38 x 6/24 = 101.32 mg/m3 (General population 24 h). Oral absorption = 100%; inhalation absorption assumed = 100%

To convert the oral NOAEL into inhalatory NOAEC, a rat default respiratory volume was used corresponding to the daily duration of human exposure (sRVrat: 1.15 m3/kg bw/d). Oral absorption = 100% and inhalation absorption assumed to = 100% as worse-case. Thus, the corrected starting point for inhalation is: 154 mg/kg bw/d x (1/1.15 m3/kg bw/d) = 133.91 mg/m3.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Not applicable for inhalation
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
default value
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
15.4 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
154 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 540 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Oral absorption = 100%

Dermal absorption = 1 0% (conservative)

AF for dose response relationship:
1
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
Chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
default value
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
default value
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.54 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
154 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
default value
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
default value
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population