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Toxicological information

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Guideline conform study with GLP.
Cross-reference
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1994
Report date:
1994

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
barium(2+) dichloride dihydrate
EC Number:
600-412-6
Cas Number:
10326-27-9
Molecular formula:
BaCl2.2(H2O)
IUPAC Name:
barium(2+) dichloride dihydrate
Test material form:
solid: crystalline
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): barium chloride dihydrate
- EC number: 233-788-1
- Substance type: pure active substance
- Physical state: a white crystalline granule or powder

Method

Species / strainopen allclose all
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 97
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
S9 mix
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
100, 333, 1000, 3333, 10000 µg/plate, duplicate cultures
Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: no data
Controls
Untreated negative controls:
no
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
9-aminoacridine
sodium azide
other: 2-Aminoanthracen (all strains in the presence of S9) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98 without S9)
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: pre-incubation; barium chloride dihydrate was incubated with the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains
either in buffer or S9 mix for 20 minutes at 37°C. Top agar supplemented with I-histidine and d-biotin was added, and the contents of the tubes were mixed and poured onto the surfaces of minimal glucose agar plates.

DURATION
- Exposure duration: 20 minutes
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 2 days at 37°C

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Each trial consisted of triplicate plates of concurrent positive and negative controls, and of at least five doses of barium chloride dihydrate.


No further details are given.
Evaluation criteria:
In this test, a positive response was defined as a reproducible, dose-related increase in histidin-independent (revertant) colonies in any one strain/activation combination. An equivocal response was defined as an increase in revertants that was not dose related, not reproducible, nor was of sufficient magnitude to support a determination of mutagenicity. A negative response was obtained when no increase in revertant colonies was observed following chemical treatment. There was no minimum percentage or fold increase required for a chemical to be judged positive or weakly positive.
Statistics:
Statistical analysis is not mandatory for the bacterial reverse mutation assay.

Results and discussion

Test resultsopen allclose all
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
other: slight toxicity at concentration from 333 to 10000 µg/plate
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 97
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
other: slight toxicity at the highest tested concentration
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
no data

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Barium chloride did not induce the increase of revertant colonies at all concentrations in all strains with and without metabolic activation.