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Short-term toxicity to fish

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Reference
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
other: US EPA guideline 660/3-75-009
GLP compliance:
not specified
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
Dead fish were counted and removed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after initial exposure and at a 24-h period thereafter.
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
Water was untreated Lake Superior water used at about 19.8 °C (+/- 2.3 °C). Water quality characteristics were measured using methods described by the American Public Health Association et al. (1975).
Test organisms (species):
Lepomis macrochirus
Details on test organisms:
average weight of test fish: 0.912 ± 0.350 g;
delivered from Lake Mills Fish Hatchery.
Test type:
flow-through
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Post exposure observation period:
Dead fish were counted and removed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after initial exposure and at a 24-h period thereafter.
Hardness:
hardness: 40.4 - 56.3 mg/L as CaCO3
Test temperature:
about 19.8 °C (+/- 2.3 °C)
pH:
pH: 7.04 - 7.97
Dissolved oxygen:
dissolved oxygen: 54.3 - 88.9 %
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Exposure samples were analyzed on a DB-UV spectrophotometer at a wavelenght of 200 nm.
Several test concentrations (up to 5, where appropriate) and a control were tested.
Details on test conditions:
Groups of 10 fish were tested in glass exposure tanks (20x35x9 cm; containing 6.3L).
Fish were not fed 24 h before or during a test. Dead fish were counted and removed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after initial exposure and at a 24-h period thereafter.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
7 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 6700-7500 mg/L
Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

No controls died. DMF-exposed Lepomis macrochirus were stressed and showed mortality within 3 h after initial exposure, deaths continued throughout the test with all fish dead in the highest concentration at 96 h (no values given). The 96 h LC50 and its 95% confidence limits were 7100 (6700 - 7500) mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
LC50 (96 h) = 7100 mg/L (95 % CL: 6700-7500 mg/L).
Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of DMF towards fish (Lepomis macrochirus) was investigated according to US EPA guideline 660/3-75-009.

LC50 (96 h) = 7100 mg/L (95 % CL: 6700-7500 mg/L).

Description of key information

LC50 (96 h) = 7100 mg/L (95 % CL: 6700-7500 mg/L) for Lepomis macrochirus (US EPA Guideline 660/3-75-009, flow-through, GLP compliance not specified).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish
Effect concentration:
7 100 mg/L

Additional information

Two valid experimental results are available regarding acute toxicity to fish.

In an experiment following US-EPA guideline 660/3 -75 -009, Lepromis macrochirus was used as test organism (Poirier et.al., 1986). The key value for chemical safety assessment is taken out of this study report (LC50 (96h) = 7100 mg/L).

For Leuciscus idus, a LC50 value greater than 10000 mg/L is reported (BASF AG, 1976). In this case the exposure time was 48 hours.