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EC number: 275-738-1 | CAS number: 71631-15-7 This substance is identified in the Colour Index by Colour Index Constitution Number, C.I. 77504.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013-06-30 to 2013-08-09
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 014
- Report date:
- 2014
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 2011-07-28
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- , 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Series on testing and assessment, Number 29. Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media. ENV/JM/MONO (2001)9, 23-July 2001.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- signed 2011-02-07
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel iron chromite black spinel
- EC Number:
- 275-738-1
- EC Name:
- Nickel iron chromite black spinel
- Cas Number:
- 71631-15-7
- Molecular formula:
- (Ni,Fe)(Fe,Cr)2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- Nickel iron chromite black spinel
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): nickel iron chromite black spinel
- Molecular formula: Ni1-xCr2-y-zFeyMnx+zO4 (structure type (Ni, Fe)(Cr, Fe)2O4)
- Physical state: solid, black powder, odourless
- Stability: December 31, 2023
- Storage condition of test material: store separate from food and drinks, dry in closed containers and protected places. Keep containers air-tight.
- Relate density: 5.16
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method/Sample storage conditions before analysis:
Dissolved chromium, iron, manganese and nickel concentrations were measured in all test solutions sampled at the beginning of the test prior to addition of the algae. After 72 hours, samples were taken from each replicate of each treatment and pooled. The samples were filtered (0.2 μm polyether-sulphone membrane syringe filter) at room temperature (20 - 25°C). A volume of 10 mL of the solutions was then transferred into disposable polyethylene vials (Scintillation vials), acidified with HNO3 (final concentration 1 - 3 % HNO3), and stored at 4°C until further analysis.
The concentrations of dissolved chromium, iron, manganese and nickel were determined by ICP-OES. The results were assured by recovery experiments and the analysis of certified reference materials.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method:
Since the test item is a multi-component substance and of low water solubility, toxicity was determined using water accommodated fractions (WAFs). The WAFs for the different test loadings were prepared individually in accordance with the OECD guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media No. 29 (2001)*.
For the preparation of the test solutions, amounts of 1 and 100 mg of nickel iron chromite black spinel were added to 1 L of the growth medium. If required, additional test media were added to obtain the exact nominal loadings. All flasks were agitated on laboratory shakers at 100 rpm at 21.5 ± 1.5°C for 7 days.
To separate the insoluble part from the aqueous phase and to sterilise the WAF by filtration, the test preparations were filtered through a 0.22 μm filter (e.g. Syringe Filters DIAFIL PS (Polyether sulfone, PES) DIA-Nielsen GmbH & Co. KG, Düren, Germany) under sterile conditions. The filtrated WAFs were directly used in the algal growth test.
- Controls: growth medium only was used as control.
*Reference:
- OECD Series on testing and assessment, Number 29. Guidance Document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media. ENV/JM/MONO (2001)9, 23-July 2001
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Chlorophycea, Chlorophyta
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG, Culture Collection of Algae at Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut of the University at Göttingen, Albrecht von Haller
Institut, Untere Klarspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Catalog No 61.81 SAG.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions: before the onset of a test, a pre-culture is established in the OECD 201 growth medium under test conditions to obtain exponentially-growing algae for the test.
- Acclimation period: culture duration of the pre-cultures was 3 days.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 20.5 to 21.0 °C
- pH:
- Controls: test start: 8.01; test end: 8.15 to 9.21
WAF loadings: test start: 8.05 to 8.06; test end: 8.20 to 9.14 - Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 1.00 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL conical glass flasks covered with air-permeable silicone-sponge caps (vessels and caps sterilised by autoclaving prior to use).
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume:
- Aeration:
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate):
- Initial cells density: algal pre-culture (583 μL at a cell density of 1.72 x 106 cells/mL) was added to the test vessels to achieve the initial cell concentration of 10,000 cells/mL. At the beginning of the test, the initial cell concentration was calculated based on the cell number of the pre-culture.
- Control end cells density:
- No. of organisms per vessel:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 8
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates):
Every flask was filled with 100 mL of the respective test medium, i.e. the filtered WAF solution.
GROWTH MEDIUM
The sterilised synthetic OECD medium according to OECD 201 (2011) was used as growth medium. The molar ratio of medium-EDTA to medium-iron slightly exceeds unity in this medium. This prevents iron precipitation and at the same time, chelation of heavy metal ions is minimised (molar ratio EDTA / Fe(III+) = 1.135). Considering the molar ratio and the stability constants of EDTA with Fe(III+), the chelation of other metals remains negligible in comparison with nominal test concentrations. All stock solutions and the medium were prepared with purified water processed using an ELGA „PURELAB Ultra“. Please also refer to table 1 in the field "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables" below.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Total organic carbon:
- Particulate matter:
- Metals:
- Pesticides:
- Chlorine:
- Alkalinity:
- Ca/mg ratio:
- Conductivity:
- Culture medium different from test medium:
- Intervals of water quality measurement:
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes/no
- Adjustment of pH:
- Photoperiod:
- Light intensity and quality: culture vessels were incubated with a light intensity (day light: OSRAM Standard “cool white”) adjusted to approximately 60 - 120 μmol m-2 s-1 (4440 - 8880 lux).
The cultures were oscillated by continuously stirring on a laboratory shaker with 150 rpm (Incubation Shaker Multitron®, INFORS, Switzerland). The light intensity was measured daily using an illuminance meter LI-250 (LI-COR, Lincoln, USA) with a cosine (2π) receptor in μmol m-2 s-1 at level of the test media surface. Light intensity ranged from 63.8 to 72.2 μmol m-2 s-1.
- During the exposure period, the incubation temperature was measured daily with a calibrated thermometer in an additionally prepared control vessel kept under the same conditions. The pH values were measured in the additionally prepared replicate at the beginning of the test and directly in the test vessels at the end of the test.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter (CASY 1 Model TT, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany)
The correctness of the electronic counts was checked by microscope counts following internal standard operation procedures.
The cell density of the pre-culture was determined at test initiation and the volume required to achieve the initial cell concentration of 10,000 cells/mL was calculated.
During the test, the cell concentrations were determined after 24, 48 and 72 h in samples taken directly from the test vessels.
The appearance of the algae was also checked by microscope at the end of the test to verify any visual effect of the test item.
- Chlorophyll measurement:
- Other:
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations:
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study
A non-GLP range-finding-test with WAFs of nickel iron chromite black spinel was performed at loadings of 1.00, 10.0 and 100 mg/L without a chemical analysis.
Toxic effects were not observed over the whole test period at any of the tested loadings.
The WAF loadings of the definite test were based on the results of the range-finding test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water accommodated fraction at 100 mg/L after 7 days
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water accommodated fraction at 100 mg/L after 7 days
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water accommodated fraction at 100 mg/L after 7 days
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water accommodated fraction at 100 mg/L after 7 days
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water accommodated fraction at 100 mg/L after 7 days
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- water accommodated fraction at 100 mg/L after 7 days
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - there were not any loading-dependent effects on the growth of the alga up to and including the WAF loading of 100 mg nickel iron chromite black spinel/L
- corresponding microscopy revealed normal appearances of the algae cells despite cell debris in vessels with slight growth inhibition, which is a normal appearance not related to the test item.
- the ErL50 value for inhibition of growth rate and the EyL50 value for inhibition of yield were estimated to be > 100 mg/L (WAF loading).
- the NOEL for both growth rate and yield was ≥ 100 mg test item/L
Please also refer to "Any other information on results incl. tables" and "Attached background material" below. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The nominal ErL50 value of 3.39 mg/L (95% confidence limits 3.27 - 3.50 mg/L, August 2013) for the reference substance 3,5-dichlorophenol is in good agreement with the results of an international ring test with ErL50 of 3.38 ± 1.30 mg/L (International Organisation for Standardisation, 1993)*.
*Reference:
- International Organisation for Standardisation (1993). ISO 8692 Water quality - Algal growth inhibition test. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - The evaluation of the loading-effect-relationships and the calculations of effect loadings were based on WAF loadings.
- The mean value of the cell counts for each WAF loading was used for plotting growth curves.
- The EL values for growth rate and yield after 72 hours (growth rate) could not be determined since there was not a loading-dependent inhibition > 10 %.
- Calculation of the percent inhibition of growth rate [r] and yield [y] was performed according to the OECD 201 guideline.
The NOEL values for growth rate and yield were determined with the Williams Multiple Sequential t-test (Williams, 1972 61972)* using the computer program ToxRat Solutions*.
*References:
- Williams, D.A. (1971): A test for differences between treatment means when several dose levels are compared with a zero dose control. Biometrics 27, 103-117.
- Williams, D.A. (1972): The comparison of several dose levels with a zero dose control. Biometrics 28, 519-531.
- ToxRat® Professional 2.10. ToxRat® Solutions GmbH, Naheweg 15, 52477 Alsdorf, Germany.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table: Percent inhibition of growth rate and yield by the test item compared to controls after 72 h.
WAF loading [mg nickel iron chromite black spinel/L] |
% Inhibition of growth rate |
% Inhibition of yield |
Control |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.00 |
4.16 |
19.9 |
100 |
-0.13* |
-0.15* |
*negative values indicate increase in the observed parameter
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test evaluation was based on WAF loadings. A dose-related growth inhibition was not observed during the 72-hour test.
The ErL50 value for inhibition of growth rate and the EyL50 value for inhibition of yield were estimated to be > 100 mg/L (WAF loading). The NOEL is ≥ 100 mg nickel iron chromite black spinel/L (WAF loading) for both parameters.
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