Slags, lead smelting

Additional physico-chemical information

Administrative data

Endpoint:

other: representative mineralogy

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: non GLP but other quality assurance

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Chemistry /elemental analysis was determined using ICP (inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy). Metal speciation/metal mineralogy was assessed from Sequential extraction/metal analysis and mineralogical analysis (XRD and microscopes equipped with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and WDS (Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry) analysers. The interpretation of the overall results was performed by expert (with profound knowledge of metal particularities).

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

other quality assurance

Other quality assurance:

other: not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

slags lead smelting

IUPAC Name:

slags lead smelting

Results and discussion

Results:

The studied slag sample 09TT07600 contains 24% CaO, 21% SiO2, 14.3% iron, 13.6% Zn, 3.9% MgO, 2.8% lead, 2.5% Al2O3, 2.2% sulphur, 1.4% Na2O, 0.3% antimony, 0.2% arsenic and traces of other elements.
The studied slag sample 09TT08045 contains 27% SiO2, 23% iron, 21% CaO, 5% Al2O3, 4.3% Zn, 1.7% lead, 1.6% MgO, 1.2% sulphur, 1.2% Na2O, 0.08% antimony, 0.07% arsenic and traces of other elements.
The studied slag sample 09TT07596 contains 30% iron, 29% SiO2, 13.6% CaO, 7.2% Al2O3, 1.8% Na2O, 1.6% sulphur, 1.3% MgO, 1.2% lead, 0.08% antimony, 0.005% arsenic and traces of other elements.

The studied slag sample 09TT07600 consists mainly of Ca-silicates; merwinite / bredigite (29.0%) and amphibole-type silicate (24.0%). Other notable mineral phases are iron oxides (20.7%), metallic lead (11.2%), sulphides (6.8%), zinc iron oxides (5.7%) and magnetite (2.4%). Metallic lead is the main lead carrier (98.5%) in this sample. Iron is mainly carried by iron oxides (59%).
The studied slag sample 09TT08045 consists mainly of mainly of hardystonite (34.5%), other Ca-silicates (19.6%), iron oxides (13.8%), fayalite (9.9%), chabazite (5.2%) and magnetite (5.2%). Metallic lead is the main lead carrier and sorosite carries most of the copper in this sample.
The studied slag sample 09TT07596 consists mainly of fayalite (49.6%) and other silicates (38.0%). Other notable mineral phases are troilite (4.5%), iron sulphates, (4.0%) and FeCrNi –alloys (2.6%). Wüstite, metallic lead, sorosite and arsenides occur as accessory minerals.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Chemcical and minerological composition of the reference samples of slags lead smelting

ORC ref.			OR05	OR21	OR13
Sample			20000171/2	20000171/12	20000171/6
Lab code			09TT07600	09TT08045	09TT07596
Substance			Slags, lead smelting	Slags, lead smelting	Slags, lead smelting
EINECS			273-825-9	273-825-9	273-825-9
Consortium reference No.			7	7	7
Ag	KEM	%	0.006	<0.002	<0.002
B	KEM	%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Bi	TOT	%	<0.010	< 0.010	<0.011
Cd	TOT	%	<0.004	< 0.004	<0.005
Co	TOT	%	0.009	0.098	<0.005
Mo	TOT	%	0.018	< 0.002	0.016
Sb	TOT	%	0.26	0.079	0.081
Se	TOT	%	<0.004	< 0.01	<0.005
Sn	TOT	%	0.44	0.54	0.17
Te	TOT	%	<0.019	< 0.019	<0.023
Zn	TOT	%	13.6	4.34	0.39
SiO2	KEM	%	21.3	27.1	29.3
Al2O3	TOT	%	2.51	4.98	7.19
CaO	TOT	%	24.0	20.6	13.6
Cr2O3	TOT	%	0.25	0.29	0.69
K2O	TOT	%	0.24	0.53	0.51
MgO	TOT	%	3.91	1.56	1.25
MnO	TOT	%	0.50	0.53	0.92
Na2O	TOT	%	1.43	1.15	1.79
(SO4)2	KEM	%	0.024	0.045	0.025
S	LECO	%	2.19	1.2	1.59
C	LECO	%	0.15	0.1	0.08
Satmagan		%	2.39	5.21	0.98

Sample		09TT07600
Type		Slags, lead smelting
Mineral composition		%
Merwinite / Bredigite	Ca3Mg(SiO4)2/ Ca7Mg(SiO4)4	29.04
Amphibole-type silicate	Ca2(Fe,Mg)4Al(Si7Al)O22(OH,F)2	24.06
Iron oxides (Zn-bearing)	Fe(Zn)O	20.72
Lead	Pb	11.19
Fe-Zn-Cu-Pb sulphides	(Fe,Zn,Cu,Pb) S	6.76
Zinc iron oxide	ZnFe2O4	5.70
Magnetite	Fe3O4	2.39
PbZnMo - alloy	PbZnMo	0.15
Total		100.00
Distribution of lead, -%
Lead		98.47
PbZnMo - alloy		1.30
Zinc iron oxide		0.23
Distribution of iron, -%
Iron oxides (Zn-bearing)		58.63
Magnetite		12.08
Lead		10.71
Zinc iron oxide		9.06
Amphibole-type silicate		3.95
Merwinite / Bredigite		3.55
Fe-Zn-Cu-Pb sulphides		2.00
PbZnMo - alloy		0.02
Distribution of zinc, -%
Iron oxides (Zn-bearing)		30.25
Fe-Zn-Cu-Pb sulphides		29.69
Zinc iron oxide		20.07
Amphibole-type silicate		16.54
Merwinite / Bredigite		2.93
Lead		0.36
PbZnMo - alloy		0.15

Sample		09TT08045
Type		Slags, lead smelting
Mineral composition		%
Hardystonite	Ca2ZnSi2O7	34.50
Ca-silicates (other than Hr & Cbz)	CaSiO	19.59
Iron oxides	FeO	13.78
Fayalite	Fe2SiO4	9.86
Chabazite	CaAl2Si4O12*6(H2O)	5.22
Magnetite	Fe3O4	5.21
Zinc Iron Sulphide	ZnFeS2	2.38
Metallic lead	Pb	1.78
Sorosite	Cu(Sn,Sb)	1.05
Pyrrhotite	FeS	0.64
Bornite	Cu5FeS4	0.38
Arsenides	FeAs, NiSnSbAs	0.22
Chalcocite	Cu2S	0.20
SnNiSbCu -alloy	SnNiSbCu	0.12
Lead oxides	PbO	0.10
Others		4.98
Total		100.00
Distribution of lead, -%
Lead		94.83
Lead oxides		5.17
Distribution of iron, -%
Iron oxides		31.82
Ca-silicates (other than Hr & Cbz)		18.31
Magnetite		16.31
Fayalite		16.98
Hardystonite		10.71
Zinc Iron Sulphide		3.50
Pyrrhotite		1.70
Arsenides		0.25
Bornite		0.24
Lead & galena		0.08
Sorosite		0.07
Lead oxides		0.02
SnNiSbCu -alloy		0.01
Distribution of copper, -%
Sorosite		59.62
Bornite		20.64
Chalcocite		15.23
SnNiSbCu -alloy		1.51
Zinc Iron Sulphide		1.43
Pyrrhotite		0.93
Arsenides		0.64

Sample		09TT07596
Type		Slags, lead smelting
Mineral composition		%
Fayalite	Fe2SiO4	49.59
Other silicates	xSiO2	37.95
Troilite	FeS	4.48
Fe-sulphates	FeSOx	4.05
Iron Chromium Nickel -alloy	FeCrNi	2.59
Wüstite	FeO	0.98
Lead	Pb	0.98
Sorosite	Cu(Sn,Sb)	0.05
Iron Arsenide	FeAs	0.02
Total		100.70
Distribution of lead, -%
Lead		99.32
Iron Arsenide		0.68
Distribution of iron, -%
Fayalite		73.55
Troilite		9.22
Fe-sulphates		8.78
FeCrNi		5.88
Wüstite		2.53
FeAs		0.02
CuSn		0.01
Lead oxide		0.01

ORC ref.				OR05	OR21	OR13
Sample				20000171/2	20000171/12	20000171/6
Lab code				09TT07600	09TT08045	09TT07596
Substance				Slags, lead smelting	Slags, lead smelting	Slags, lead smelting
EINECS				273-825-9	273-825-9	273-825-9
Consortium reference No.				7	7	7
As	P1		%	<0.008	<0.007	<0.008
	P2		%	0.019	0.025	<0.020
	P3		%	<0.010	<0.009	<0.010
	P4		%	0.01	0.041	<0.004
	PSUM		%	0.029	0.066	<0.004
	TOT		%	0.209	0.073	0.005
Cu	P1		%	<0.008	<0.007	<0.008
	P2		%	0.23	0.09	<0.020
	P3		%	0.12	0.16	0.019
	P4		%	0.018	0.13	0.011
	PSUM		%	0.37	0.37	0.03
	TOT		%	0.37	0.38	0.029
Fe	P1		%	<0.008	<0.007	<0.008
	P2		%	6.05	10.90	24.10
	P3		%	0.033	0.057	0.17
	P4		%	7.68	8.90	4.26
	PSUM		%	13.76	19.86	28.53
	TOT		%	14.30	23.10	30.00
Ni	P1		%	<0.008	<0.007	<0.008
	P2		%	<0.19	<0.017	<0.020
	P3		%	<0.010	<0.009	<0.010
	P4		%	0.006	0.027	<0.004
	PSUM		%	0.006	0.027	<0.004
	TOT		%	0.014	0.04	0.008
Pb	P1		%	0.009	0.007	0.053
	P2		%	0.14	0.09	0.074
	P3		%	0.40	0.29	0.24
	P4		%	2.11	1.37	0.85
	PSUM		%	2.66	1.76	1.22
	TOT		%	2.82	1.74	1.15

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Good quality study that assessed full chemistry and mineralogy of three representative samples of slags lead smelting. The mineralogy (and the distribution pattern for each key element, i.e. % from Total into the various mineralogical forms/species present into the UVCB) of the reference samples can be used to derive the classification of slags lead smelting samples (mixture toxicity rules).

Executive summary:

The studied slag sample 09TT07600 consists mainly of Ca-silicates; merwinite / bredigite (29.0%) and amphibole-type silicate (24.0%). Other notable mineral phases are iron oxides (20.7%), metallic lead (11.2%), sulphides (6.8%), zinc iron oxides (5.7%) and magnetite (2.4%). Metallic lead is the main lead carrier (98.5%) in this sample. Iron is mainly carried by iron oxides (59%).

The studied slag sample 09TT08045 consists mainly of mainly of hardystonite (34.5%), other Ca-silicates (19.6%), iron oxides (13.8%), fayalite (9.9%), chabazite (5.2%) and magnetite (5.2%). Metallic lead is the main lead carrier and sorosite carries most of the copper in this sample.

The studied slag sample 09TT07596 consists mainly of fayalite (49.6%) and other silicates (38.0%). Other notable mineral phases are troilite (4.5%), iron sulphates, (4.0%) and FeCrNi –alloys (2.6%). Wüstite, metallic lead, sorosite and arsenides occur as accessory minerals.

The mineralogy of the reference samples can be used to derive the classification of these samples but also to predict the mineralogy of other slags lead smelting samples. Differences in speciation between the reference samples, and anticipated differences in classification, initially suggested the need for two grades of this intermediate based on the form in which lead was maily present (compounds/metal). As a consequence, company specific classifications were calculated using one of the two different speciation patterns.The calculator sheets, which are used to derive the classification and which reflect particular assumptions that are made, can be found in attachment above (attached background material).