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EC number: 272-713-7 | CAS number: 68909-79-5 An inorganic pigment that is the reaction product of high temperature calcination of principally chromium (III) oxide forming a crystalline hematite. Its composition may include any one or a combination of the modifiers Al2O3, Fe2O3, or Mn2O3.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is highly insoluble in water, hence indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
Reference
- Endpoint:
- transformation / dissolution of metals and inorganic metal compounds
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-09-07 to 2010-04-14
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- deviations from the guideline, which do not effect the validity of the study: (a) the 28-day test with a loading of 1 mg/L was conducted at pH 6 instead of 5.5 (b) `mass balance (%) after completion of the transformation test´ is missing.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 (23-Jul-2001): Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- please refer to the field "Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies" above
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- signed 2009-06-19
- Type of method:
- flask method
- Remarks:
- transformation/dissolution
- Type of test:
- screening transformation/dissolution test - sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr, Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 0.1 g/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH: >= 6.08 <= 6.1
Temp: 22.5 °C - Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Type of test:
- screening transformation/dissolution test - sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr, Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 0.1 g/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH: >= 8.04 <= 8.08
Temp.: 22.5 °C - Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 0.1 g/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH: >= 6.07 <= 6.11
Temp.: 22.5 °C - Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 2.4 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 0.1 g/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH: >= 6.07 <= 6.11
Temp.: 22.5 °C - Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 0.4 µg/L
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.05 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr, Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH: >=6.05<=6.12, Temp.: 22.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr, Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH >= 6.07 <= 6.08, Temp.: 22.5 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- < 0.5 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr, Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH: >= 6.04 <= 6.06
Temp.: 22.5 °C - Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Details on results:
- The analytical method was shown to be suitable for low content determination of chromium and aluminium in aqueous samples due to the technique ICP-MS.
The analysed range from 0.1 to 10.0 µg/L was found to be linear for Cr and Al (correlation coefficient > 0.99 for either metal).
The instrumental limit of detection (I.D.L.) defined as the lowest calibration level, was 0.1 µg/L for Cr and Al, respectively.
The limit of quantification (L.O.Q.) of the method was 1 µg/L for Cr and Al, defined as the lowest fortification level.
The limit of detection (L.O.D.) of the method, defined as 50% of the lowest fortification level, was 0.5 µg/L for either metal.
Concentrations higher than the limit of detection but less than the limit of quantification were designated as <1 µg/L for Cr and Al.
The analytical method was shown to be suitable for low content determination of chromium and aluminium in aqueous samples due to the technique ICP-MS.
The test was performed by spiking each of the test media (using three replicates) with known amounts of Cr and Al at two fortification levels (1 µg/L for the low level and 10 µg/L for the high level) using the SS 2 and SS 1 solution of 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively.
For precision, the SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 guideline requires a RSD % lower than 20 % for each fortification level; therefore the precision of the analytical method at low and high fortification levels can be considered acceptable.
The precision of the analytical method has been fixed at 10 % taking into account the results obtained.
For accuracy, the SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 guideline requires individual recovery values in the range from 70 to 110 % with mean value between 80 to 100 % at each fortification level, therefore the accuracy of the analytical method can be considered acceptable.
Considering the low concentrations tested (low fortification level 1 µg/L and high fortification level 10 µg/L), the precision of the analytical method fixed at 10 % and the complexity of the aqueous matrices tested the accuracy of the analytical method can be considered acceptable.
From the data and results of the accuracy test it can be concluded that no matrix effect was observed and no contribution of the filter procedure was observed. - Conclusions:
- The transformation/dissolution of test item hematite chromium green black is in most cases below the L.O.D. (< 0.5 µg/L) at pH 6.
- after 7 days, 1 mg/L: < 0.5 µg Cr/L, <0.5 µg Al/L
- after 28 days, 1 mg/L: < 0.5 µg Cr/L, < 0.5 µg Al/L
- after 7 days, 100 mg/L: < 0.5 µg Cr/L, 2.4 µg Al/L
Thus, this pigment is considered environmentally inert.
Screening Test at 0.1 g/L |
|
52Cr (µg/L) |
27Al (µg/L) |
pH 6 T 24 h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
S.D. |
- |
- |
|
RSD % |
- |
- |
|
pH 8 T 24 h |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
S.D. |
- |
- |
|
RSD % |
- |
- |
Conclusion of the screening test:
Dissolved Al or Cr concentrations were below the LOD at both pH levels. Therefore, pH 6 was selected for the full test assuming that the dissolution of metal oxides (i.e. this pigment) is maximized at the lower pH (in acidic medium).
Full Test 7 days at 0.1 g/L pH 6 |
|
52Cr (µg/L) |
27Al (µg/L) |
T 1 day |
Mean |
n.d. |
3.9 |
S.D. |
- |
0.04 |
|
RSD % |
- |
1.0 % |
|
T 4 days |
Mean |
n.d. |
3.739 |
S.D. |
- |
0.113 |
|
RSD % |
- |
3.02 % |
|
T 7 days |
Mean |
n.d. |
2.414 |
S.D. |
- |
0.389 |
|
RSD % |
- |
16.13 % |
Full Test 28 days at 1 mg/L pH6 |
|
52Cr (µg/L) |
27Al (µg/L) |
T1 day |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
S.D. |
- |
- |
|
RSD % |
- |
- |
|
T7 days |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
S.D. |
- |
- |
|
RSD % |
- |
- |
|
T14 days |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
S.D. |
- |
- |
|
RSD % |
- |
- |
|
T28 days |
Mean |
n.d. |
n.d. |
S.D. |
- |
- |
|
RSD % |
- |
- |
Test conditions:
- The pH was inside of the acceptable range (pH6 +0.2 units) in a range of 6.02 to 6.10
- The temperature was inside of the acceptable range (20 -25 +/- 2) in a range of 22.4 to 22.6
- The O2 -concentration was always above the accaptable limit of 70 % in a range of 79.7 % to 81.7 %
- The within-vessel values and the between-vessel values could not be determined, because the concentrations of Cr and Al were below the LOD (0.5 µg/L for Al and Cr)
Data source
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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