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EC number: 231-152-8 | CAS number: 7440-43-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not applicable
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable with restriction. Well documented. Not according to GLP Method not in compliance with ER 67/548/EEC, Annex V and OECD test guidelines
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Semichronic oral toxicity of cadmium 1. Studies on rats
- Author:
- Loeser E and Lorke D
- Year:
- 1 977
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology 7: 215-224
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A study was conducted to determine the repeated dose oral toxicity of cadmium in rat. Clinical signs, bodyweight, food consumption, hematology were followed. Histology was conducted at study end.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cadmium chloride
- EC Number:
- 233-296-7
- EC Name:
- Cadmium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 10108-64-2
- IUPAC Name:
- cadmium dichloride
- Details on test material:
- Name of test material: CdCl2.1H2O, analytical grade (Merck A.G., Darmstadt)
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Winkelmann (Borchen/Paderborn)
- Age at study initiation: no information
- Weight at study initiation: 44-55g
- Housing: kept singly under standard conditions in Macrolon cages (type II)
- Diet: powdered altromin ad libitum
- Water: tap water ad libitum
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on oral exposure:
- The test material CdCl2.1H2O was mixed with powdered feed
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no information
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 months
- Frequency of treatment:
- not relevant
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
1, 3, 10, 30 ppm
Basis:
nominal in diet
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 20 animals per sex per dose
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- none
- Positive control:
- none
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Determination of liver function, renal function, blood pressure and Cadmium contents in kidneys, liver, urine and faeces
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- histopathology
- Other examinations:
- none
- Statistics:
- Comparison of mean values of animal and organ weights: Wilcoxon test.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- none
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 3 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: no effects on any parameters followed but Cd accumulated dose-dependently in the kidneys and liver
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
- appearance, behaviour, food consumption, growth and mortality of treated rats of all groups were not affected
- no increased blood pressure
- no change in hemoglobin
- not found liver effects
- no effect on renal function
- pituitary, adrenals, thyroid, heart, brain, gonads, urinary bladder, uterus, spleen, stomach, intestines and thymus were unaffected
- no effect or only a small effect (10–20% decrease) on body weight
- no testicular histopathologic lesions
- no decrease in male reproductive success
- no adverse reproductive effects
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- This study determined the repeated dose oral toxicity of cadmium in rat giving a NOAEL of 30ppm (ca 3mg Cd/kg bw/d)
- Executive summary:
Cadmium (in the form of CdCl2) was fed to groups of 20 male and 20 female rats each over a period of 3 months in concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 10 and 30 ppm. Appearance, behaviour, food consumption, growth and mortality of the treated rats of all groups were not affected during the 3-month period. The cadmium concentrations did not cause blood, liver or kidney damage. The systolic blood pressure of the treated animals was not increased. Autopsies and histopathological investigation of the animals showed no sign of any alterations. Cadmium accumulated dose-dependently in the kidneys and liver. Concentrations of cadmium up to 30 ppm in their feed were tolerated by rats over a period of 3 months without harm.
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