Ashes (residues), cenospheres

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

GLP - Guideline study. In accordance to the ECHA guidance document “Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)”, the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on a read-across substance.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

: offspring were counted every workday and not daily

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Preparation of test solutions started with individually prepared loading rates of 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L in the pre-test and a Ioading rate of 100 mg/L for the final test. A two-day period of magnetic stirring was foIlowed by an overnight stabilisation period. The obtained solutions generally contained undissolved material in the form of a floating layer and precipitate. The aqueous phase of each solution was carefully siphoned off to test vessels. In addition, a ten-fold dilution of the WAF prepared at 1.0 mg/L was tested in the pre-test.
- Differential loading: yes
- Evidence of undissolved material: The final test solutions ware all clear and colourless.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Strain/clone: Daphnia magna Straus
- Source: In-house Laboratory culture with a known history
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: Chlorella pyrenoidosa suspension,
- Amount: 0.2 mg C/daphnia/d, according to OECD 211
- Frequency: daily

BREEDING:
- Start of each batch: With newborn daphnids, i.a less than 3 days old, by placing them individually in 50 mL M7-medium.

- Breeding conditions: Daphnids originated from a healthy Stock, 2nd to 5th brood, showing no signs of stress such as mortality
>20%, presence of males, ephippia or discotoured animals and there was no delay in the production of the tirst brood.
Three times a week the young are counted and the parental daphnids are transferred to new media.

- Type and amount of food: A suspension of fresh water algae
- Feeding frequency: Daily

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Hardness:

143 - 179 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

18.7 - 19.6 °C

pH:

7.6 - 8.4

Dissolved oxygen:

8.2 - 10 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: control and 100 mg/L (WAF)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 60 ml vessels (6 x 3.5 cm diameter), all-glass covered with a Perspex pIate with 50 mL fill volume
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Three times a week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 20


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M7 medium according to guideline
- Culture medium different from test medium: No


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light
- Light intensity:
intensity at the start: 735-748 lux (10.6-10.7 µE m-2*s-1)
intensity at the end: 686 - 694 lux (9.4 - 9.7 µE m-2*s-1)


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : mobility, body length, reproduction, survival of offspring



RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Water Accommodated Fractions prepared at loading rate of 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l ware tested. A ten-fold dilution of the WAF prepared at 1.0 mg/l and a blank control.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

WAF

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Ashes (residues) from coal fired power station, siliceous ash without co-combustion-ENERGETIKA did not affect reproduction or survival of Daphnia magna at a WAF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L after 21 days of exposure.

Description of key information

No effects were observed up  to a loading rate of 100 mg/L. It can be concluded that cenospheres showes no chronic effects to aquatic invertebrates.

Additional information

The long term effects of the test substance to aquatic invertebrates were evaluated in a 21d tests withDaphnia magnaaccording to the OECD 211, with "siliceous ash. " The test design was semi-static with a renewal of the test substance and growth medium. The tested ash was structural related to ash (residues), cenospheres and as cenospheres are a component of fly ash, these results can be used as read across. The test substance did not affect reproduction or survival of Daphnia magna at a WAF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L after 21 days of exposure.