Iron hydroxide oxide yellow

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: as reported in source record

Justification for type of information:

see "Endpoint-specific read-across justification for nanoforms of iron oxide_2021” and "Read-across justification-environ assessment-iron oxides_2021” attached in IUCLID section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 20 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: as reported in source record

Description of key information

Applying read-across (category approach) to diiron trioxide in nanoform (see attachment "Iron oxides category justification” in IUCLID section 13), iron hydroxide oxide yellow in nano-form (alpha) is considered not chronically toxic to aquatic invertebrates. No effects of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the reproduction of Daphnia magna were observed in a reliable 21 -d chronic toxicity study according to OECD 211 up to the highest test concentration of 20 mg Fe2O3/L (Nogueira et al., 2015).

Additional information

A chronic toxicity study was performed by Nogueira et al. (2005) according to OECD 211 to assess the potential effects of nano-Fe2O3 (average particle size 85 × 425 nm) at concentrations of up to 20 mg/L on the reproduction of Daphnia magna, a concentrationthat is 2-fold above the corresponding OECD test limit for chronic toxicity. A significant effect on the reproduction (number of offspring) of Daphnia magna was not observed for Fe2O3 nanoparticles at the applied concentrations of 8.2 to 20.0 mg/L and thus an unbounded 21 d NOEC >= 20 mg/L (nominal) was derived.

Based on read-across to nanosized iron (hydr)oxides (see attachment "Read-across justification-environ assessment-iron oxides" and “Endpoint-specific read-across justification for nano forms of iron oxide, 2021” attached in IUCLID section 13), available data indicate a low potential for chronic toxicity ofnanosized iron manganese trioxideto aquatic invertebrates (see table below).

 

Table: Chronic toxicity of nanosized iron (hydr)oxides to aquatic invertebrates.

Endpoint	Test species	Test results	Test material/form	Reliability: Reference
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates	Daphnia magna	NOEC (21d): >= 20 mg/L nominal	diiron trioxide / nano	RL2: Nogueira et al., 2015