Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 200-835-2 | CAS number: 75-05-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute toxicity of solvents towards three ages of Artemia salina.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Artemia salina
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Brine shrimp
- Source: San Francisco Bay Brand, Inc. (Division of Metaframe Co., Menlo Park, CA, USA)
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): nauplius larvae of Artemia salina aged 24-, 48- and 72-hr.
- Method of breeding: The method of Persoone et al. (1989) was applied and modified. The Artemia Salina were obtained from 100mg eggs and were hydrated in distilled water at 4°C for 12 hr. Washing separated the sinkers from floaters. The cysts that sank were collected on a Buchner funnel and washed with cold distilled water, followed by synthetic seawater prepared by mixing 35 %0 of Synthetica seasalt (Waterlife Research Ltd., England), with distilled and deionized (Milli-Q) water, stirring for 24 hr, with suitable aeration and successive filtration with thick cellulose filters. They were then incubated in a graduated glass cylinder for about 24 hr at 25°C, with continuous side illumination (15-W fluorescent lamp), in 100 mL of synthetic seawater, at pH 8.6, and with a slight aeration maintained by a small tube in contact with the bottom of the cylinder. The nauplii produced were aspired with Pasteur pippettes and transferred to a glass flask containing 200 mL of the synthetic seawater. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM: 1 mL of synthetic seawater
- Test vessel: plastic 16 -mm petri dishes
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 larvae
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 - 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 5
REPLICATES
All experiments were repeated five times.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity: dark
- Temperature: 25°C
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : Mortality. Larvae were considered dead if they did not exhibit any internal or external movement during 10 sec of observation. - Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 641 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 24-hr larvae
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 521 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 48-hr larvae
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 400 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 72-hr larvae
- Executive summary:
Barahona-Gomeriz et al (1994) reported a 24 -hour, static LC50 value of 400 mg/L for acetonitrile in 72 -hour larvae of Artemia salina (Brine shrimp).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No information available
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Palaemonetes kadiakensis
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Grass shrimp
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juveniles - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Test temperature:
- 23 degree C.
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5 140 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Bowman et al (1981) reported an 18 -hour EC50 value equivalent to 5140 mg/L for acetonitrile in Grass shrimp, (Palaemonetes kadiakensis)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No information available
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Culex restuans
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: White dotted mosquito - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Test temperature:
- 23 degree C.
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8 250 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Bowman et al (1981) reported an 18 -hour EC50 value equivalent to 8250 mg/L for acetonitrile in White spotted mosquito, (Culex restuans).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No information available
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia pulex
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 hours old - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Test temperature:
- 23 degree C.
- Duration:
- 18 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5 810 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Bowman et al (1981) reported an 18 -hour EC50 value equivalent to 5810 mg/L for acetonitrile in Water flea, (Daphnia pulex).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 38412 Part II
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test method was that of DIN 38412 Part II (undated).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 24 hours old - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Hardness:
- 70 mg CaCO3/l.
- Test temperature:
- 20-22 degree C
- pH:
- 7.6 - 7.7
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 5 000 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Bringmann and Kuhn (1982) reported a 24 -hour EC50 value of >10,000 mg/L for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna (Water flea).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method evaluates the potential of a substance to cause acute aquatic effects in seven juvenile aquatic species simultaneously.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Dugesia tigrina
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Flatworm
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Juvenile - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 130 mg CaCO3/l.
- Test temperature:
- 19-21 degree C.
- pH:
- 6.5 - 8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- >=40% original value.
- Salinity:
- alkalinity 93 mg CaCO3/l.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Ewell et al (1996) reported a 96 -hour LC50 value of >100 mg/L for acetonitrile in Flatworm, (Dugesia tigrina).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method evaluates the potential of a substance to cause acute aquatic effects in seven juvenile aquatic species simultaneously.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Asellus intermedius
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pillbug
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juvenile - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 130 mg CaCO3/l.
- Test temperature:
- 19-21 degree C.
- pH:
- 6.5 - 8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- >=40% of the original value.
- Salinity:
- Alkalinity 93 mg CaCO3/l.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Ewell et al (1996) reported a 96 -hour LC50 value of >100 mg/L for acetonitrile in Pillbug, (Asellus intermedius).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method evaluates the potential of a substance to cause acute aquatic effects in seven juvenile aquatic species simultaneously.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Helisoma trivolvis
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Ramshorn snail
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juvenile - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 130 mg CaCO3/l.
- Test temperature:
- 19-21 degree C.
- pH:
- 6.5 - 8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- >=40% initial level.
- Salinity:
- alkalinity 93 mg CaCO3/l.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Ewell et al (1996) reported a 96 -hour LC50 value of >100 mg/L for acetonitrile in Ramshorn snail, (Helisoma trivolvis).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method evaluates the potential of a substance to cause acute aquatic effects in seven juvenile aquatic species simultaneously.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Lumbriculus variegatus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Segmented worm
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Juveniles - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 130 mg CaCO3/l.
- Test temperature:
- 19-21 degree C.
- pH:
- 6.5 - 8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- >=40% of the original value.
- Salinity:
- Alkalinity 93 mg CaCO3/l.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Ewell et al (1996) reported a 96 -hour LC50 value of >100 mg/L for acetonitrile in Segmented worm, (Lumbriculus variegatus).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method evaluates the potential of a substance to cause acute aquatic effects in seven juvenile aquatic species simultaneously.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Gammarus fasciatus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Sideswimmer
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juvenile - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 130 mg CaCO3/l.
- Test temperature:
- 19-21 degree C.
- pH:
- 6.5 - 8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- >= 40% of initial value.
- Salinity:
- alkalinity 93 mg CaCO3/l.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Ewell et al (1996) reported a 96 -hour LC50 value of >100 mg/L for acetonitrile in Sideswimmer, (Gammarus fasciatus).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method evaluates the potential of a substance to cause acute aquatic effects in seven juvenile aquatic species simultaneously.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juvenile - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 130 mg CaCO3/l.
- Test temperature:
- 19-21 degree C.
- pH:
- 6.5 - 8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- >= 40% of initial value.
- Salinity:
- alkalinity 93 mg CaCO3/l.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Ewell et al (1996) reported a 96 -hour LC50 value of >100 mg/L for acetonitrile in Water flea, (Daphnia magna).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 23 October 1995 - 29 March 1996
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Physical state: colourless and transparent liquid
- Analytical purity: 100.0% (GC)
- Lot/batch No.: ESH3487
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
- Storage condition of test material: In the refrigerator - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling: 0, 24h
- Sampling volume: 5.0 mL - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- A test solution used in this study was prepared by diluting the test substance with the dechlorinated tap water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
- Age at study initiation: less than 24 hours at the start of the test
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 weeks
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris, 0.1 - 0.2 mgC daphnid/day - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.8 - 20.7℃
- pH:
- 8.0 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.2 - 8.7 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0, 1000 mg/L
measured: (0 h) <9, 1014 mg/L
(24 h) <9, 948 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flask with ground-in stopper
- Type: closed
- size: 100 mL (full volume: 125 mL)
- headspace: no
- fill volume: 125 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): 24h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dechlorinated tap water
- Hardness of dilution water: 50 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- pH of dilution water: 7.9
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16h light/8h dark
- Light intensity: At room light
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0, 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The percentage of immobilisation at 48h: 0, 0%. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Mortality of control: 0
- Other adverse effects control: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - 48h EC50: 0.14 mg/L
- Conclusions:
- The 48-hr EC50 (immobilization) value for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna is concluded to be >1000 mg/L (nominal conc.).
- Executive summary:
In a guideline (OECD 202) and GLP study, MCSI of Japan (1996) reported the 48 -hr EC50 (immobilization) value for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna to be >1000 mg/L (nominal conc.).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guidelines for Testing Chemicals (OECD 1987)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: Aquatic Organism Institute, Chinese National Academy of Science.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less than 48 hours old
- Feeding during test: no
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 1.86 +/- 0.08 ug (CaCO3)/L
- Test temperature:
- 24 +/- 1 degree C
- pH:
- 6.5-7.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.5-8.0 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Chemical concentrations were not calculated.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): The test solution was changed once every day.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water dechlorinated by active carbon
- Intervals of water quality measurement: beginning and the end of each test by the standard methods (APHA-AWWA-WPCF 1985).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality was measured at 48 hr and 48-hr LC50 were calculated. - Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3 600 mg/L
- Conclusions:
- The 48 hour LC50 for Daphnia magna was calculated to be 3600 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Tong et al (1996) reported a 48 -hour, static renewal LC50 value of 3600 mg/L for acetonitrile in Water flea, (Daphnia magna).
Referenceopen allclose all
Artemia salina 24-, 48and 72-hr old demonstrated that there is an increase in toxicity of acetonitrile following longer development of Artemia salina. Artemia salina 72-hr old was more sensitive towards acetonitrile than was Artemia salina 24-hr old. There is no statistically significant difference between the toxicity of acetonitrile to Artemia salina 24- and 48hr old, however, there is a statistically significant difference between the toxicity of acetonitrile to Artemia salina 24- and 72-hr old.
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of acetonitrile on aquatic invertebrates has been studied by several investigators. Reported LC50 values range from 400 mg/L to 8250 mg/L. The lowest values were reported by Barahona-Gomeriz et al (1994), who studied the marine crustacean, Artemia salina and reported 24 -hour LC50 values in 24, 48 and 72-hr larvae exposed to acetonitrile of 641, 521 and 400 mg/L, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 3 600 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 400 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of acetonitrile on aquatic invertebrates has been studied by several investigators. Data are summarized in the table below. Ewell et al. (1986) studied the acute effects of acetonitrile on six species from different taxonomic groups including Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca and Annelida; all LC50 values were reported as >100 mg/L. Additional acute data reported by Bowman et al. (1981) and Tong et al (1996) on (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Culex restuans),and (Palaemonetes kadiakensis) indicate acute LC50 values in the g/L range.
Barahona-Gomeriz et al (1994) reported lower acute LC50 values in the marine crustacean, (Artemia salina). 24 -hour LC50 values in 24, 48 and 72-hr larvae exposed to acetonitrile were 641, 521 and 400 mg/L, respectively.
In a guideline (OECD 202) and GLP study, MCSI of Japan (1996) reported the 48 -hr EC50 (immobilization) value for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna to be >1000 mg/L (nominal conc.).
Toxicity of acetonitrile to aquatic invertebrates
SPECIES |
TEST TYPE |
DURATION |
TOXICITY END POINT (mg/l) |
REFERENCE |
Daphnia magna (fresh water crustacean) |
Static renewal, nominal concentration |
48 hr |
LC50= 3600 |
Tong et al., (1996) |
Daphnia magna (fresh water crustacean) |
Static renewal, nominal concentration |
48 hr |
EC5>1000 (immobilization) |
MCSI, Japan (1996) |
Artemia salina (marine crustacean) |
Static, nominal concentration |
24 hr |
LC50= 400 |
Barahona-Gomeriz et al.,(1994) |
Asellus intermedius (fresh water crustacean) |
Static, nominal concentration |
96 hr |
EC50>100 |
Ewell et al., (1986)
|
Daphnia magna (fresh water crustacean) |
Static, nominal concentration |
24 hr |
EC50> 10,000 |
Bringmann and Kuhn (1982) |
Dapnia pulex (fresh water crustacean) |
Static, nominal concentration |
18 hr |
EC50= 5810 |
Bownan et al., (1981) |
Dapnia magna (fresh water crustacean) |
Static, nominal concentration |
96 hr |
LC50> 100 |
Ewell et al (1986)
|
Gammarus fasciatus (fresh water crustacean) |
Static, nominal concentration |
96 hr |
LC50> 100 |
Ewell et al., (1986)
|
Culex restuans (insect larvae) |
Static, nominal concentration |
18 hr |
EC50= 8250 |
Bownan et al., (1981) |
Dugesia tigrina flatworus (Phatyhelminthe) |
Static, nominal concentration |
96 hr |
LC50> 100 |
Ewell et al., (1986)
|
Helisoma trivolvis (fresh water snail) |
Static, nominal concentration |
96 hr |
LC50> 100 |
Ewell et al (1986) |
Lumbriculus variegatus (segmented worm) |
Static, nominal concentration |
96 hr |
EC50> 100 |
Ewell et al., (1986) |
Palaemonetes kadiakensis(fresh water crustacean) |
Static, nominal concentration |
18 hr |
EC50= 5140 |
Bowman et al., (1981) |
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