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EC number: 200-659-6 | CAS number: 67-56-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 130 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 130 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 130 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 130 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
The leading effect in humans is CNS toxicity and neurotoxicity including optical nerve toxicity (Greim, H. ed., Occupational Toxicants 16, 143 -155; 2001; Kawai et al., Int. Arch. Occup. Environm. Health 63, 311 -318; 1991; Frederick et al., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 45, 51 -55; 1984). These effects are not displayed in rats and mice and only to a minor degree in monkeys. Hence, a major part of the animal studies, though of scientific value, is of limited relevance to humans and therefore has not been assigned as key studies but as studies of supporting evidence.
The MAK level in Germany is 130 mg/m³ (100 ppm) and mainly built on the exposure-effect relations and the established innocuous concentrations in humans, taking into account the increase in respiratory volume during a work shift in relation to the respiratory volume of volunteers in the experimental environment of a volunteer study.
The scientific rationale of the German MAK value is available at:
The innocuous concentrations are related to the limited capacity in humans to convert formic acid into CO2. There is not much difference for this metabolic threshold after single or repeated exposure, hence, the MAK value which is mainly based on singular experiences in humans is considered to be valid also for chronic exposure.
Exposure to 130 mg/m³ during a working shift is roughly equivalent to a dose of 1.3 g/person/day (20 mg/kg bw and day) which may be considered as a systemic DNEL (20 mg/kg bw/day), too, if the dermal uptake is the same as from inhalation (which is a worst-case consideration neglecting also the high volatility of the material). The systemic inhalation DNEL is considered to be also protective from local irritation.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
For the general population, e. g. customer exposure, the workplace DNELs are divided by 5 in order to take into account possibly wider variability of interindividual sensitivities.
Exposure to 130 mg/m³ during a working shift is roughly equivalent to a dose of 1.3 g/person/day (20 mg/kg bw and day) which may be considered as a systemic DNEL (20 mg/kg bw/day), too, if the dermal and oral uptake is the same as from inhalation (which is a worst-case consideration neglecting also the high volatility of the material). For the general popolation, the systemic inhalation DNEL of 4 mg/kg bw and day is considered to be also protective from local irritation and the hazard from oral exposure.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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