4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)

GLP compliance:

yes

Application method:

soil

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

Substrate type: artificial soil

Test organisms (species):

Folsomia candida

Animal group:

Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

500 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

reproduction

The measured radioactivity in the soil samples of the different concentrations corresponded to the measured radioactivity in the dosages solutions of each concentration. The recovery of radioactivity from the soil samples ranged from 101.2% to 109.2% of that measured in the dosage solutions. It can be concluded that the radioactively labelled Bisphenol A dissolved in the 5 mL acetone dosage solutions applied completely onto the appropriate amount of artificial soil (200 g). Since the actual concentrations used in the test corresponded to the nominal concentrations, nominal concentrations will be used to report the study findings.

Observed mortality was 12% in both the solvent and the deionised water controls. The validity criterion for mortality is not to exceed 20% in the controls. Mortality in the 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg BPA/kg soil vessels was 8, 12, 8, 2, and 6%, respectively. No differences in mortality were observed. Therefore the LC50 value could not be calculated and can only be estimated as being >1000 mg BPA/kg soil (dw).

The mean number of juveniles (sd) was 215.4 (17) in the solvent control and 229.8 (25.5) in the deionised water control. The validity criterion for mean number of juveniles is 100 juveniles per test vessel in the controls. The mean number of juveniles (sd) in the 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg BPA/kg soil vessels was 218.6 (28), 230.0 (33.3), 209.6 (21.8), 220.0 (37.7), and 132.0 (13.9), respectively. Statistical analysis (Dunnett's test; 1-sided, p = 0.05) showed a significant difference concerning the number of juveniles between the solvent control and the highest concentration of the test item tested (1000 mg BPA/kg soil (dw)). All other concentrations tested were not statistically significantly different from the solvent control. Therefore, the NOECreproduction was determined as 500 mg test item/kg soil (dw) and accordingly the LOECreproduction as 1000 mg test item/kg soil (dw).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The LC50 value could not be calculated and can only be estimated as being > 1000 mg test item/kg soil (dw). The NOECreproduction was 500 mg test item/kg soil (dw) and accordingly the LOECreproduction 1000 mg test item/kg soil (dw). The EC50 for reproduction was not calculated and is estimated as being > 1000 mg test item/kg soil (dw).

Executive summary:

A 28-day chronic reproduction study with the collembolan, Folsomia candida was performed to assess the effects of Bisphenol A on the terrestrial invertebrate when exposed via soil. The study was performed according to ISO guideline 11267. The LC50 value could not be calculated and can only be estimated as being > 1000 mg test item/kg soil (dw). The NOECreproduction was 500 mg test item/kg soil (dw) and accordingly the LOECreproduction 1000 mg test item/kg soil (dw). The EC50 for reproduction was not calculated and is estimated as being > 1000 mg test item/kg soil (dw).

Description of key information

No effects on survival were observed in a chronic reproduction study with the collembolan Folsomia candida (Moser and Egeler, 2007b; Staples et al., 2010). A NOEC of 500 mg/kg soil was determined based on number of juveniles.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:

500 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

No effect on survival was observed during a chronic 28-day test with the collembolan, Folsomia candida, exposed to Bisphenol A in artificial soil (Moser and Egeler, 2007b; Staples et al., 2010). The number of juveniles was reduced at the highest dose tested, 1000 mg/kg dw, compared to controls so the NOEC established in the study was 500 mg/kg dw.