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Environmental fate & pathways

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Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Normal paraffins in C9 to C14 Aliphatics (2% aromatics) are readily biodegradable, exhibiting 77 to 83% biodegradation in 28 days based on oxygen consumption and meeting the 10-day window.

Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests

Biodegradation in water

Hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, biodegraded to an extent of 69% after 28 days in seawater that used the indigenous microorganisms in the seawater sample as a sole source of the inoculum. These data are used as read-across data for Hydrocarbons, C9 -C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics.

Hydrocarbons, C12-C14, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics biodegraded to an extent of 11% in sea water after 28 days.These data are used as read-across data for Hydrocarbons, C9 -C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics.

Biodegradation in sediment

C9-14 Aliphatics (≤ 2% aromatic) are readily biodegradable. Therefore, simulation tests in sediment are not required.

Biodegradation in soil

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex IX, the simulation testing on ultimate degradation in soil does not need to be conducted as the normal paraffinic substances representative of C9-C14 Aliphatics (less than 2% aromatic) are readily biodegradable. However, data is available from a Guideline (OECD 304 A) study conducted on Hydrocarbons, C11 -C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics and is presented below.

Hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, biodegraded to a great extent (>60%) in a silt loam soil at a rate comparable to the control, rapeseed oil (62 to 67%), within a two month test period as measured in respirometric oxygen consumption tests. The half-life, based on three tests was 45 days. This extent was replicated in two separate studies. These data are used as read-across data to Hydrocarbons, C9 -C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics.

Additional information