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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
Remarks:
Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
05-Nov-2012 to 24-Mar-2013
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2013

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.10 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of assay:
in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
m-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline
EC Number:
275-662-9
EC Name:
m-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline
Cas Number:
71604-74-5
Molecular formula:
C15H19NO4
IUPAC Name:
3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-N,N-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline
Test material form:
liquid: viscous
Details on test material:
- Substance type: Clear slightly yellow very viscous liquid
- Purity: 100% Mono constituent substance
- Storage condition of test material: In refrigerator (2-8°C) in the dark


Method

Species / strain
Species / strain / cell type:
lymphocytes: Cultured peripheral human lymphocytes
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Type and identity of media:
Blood samples
Blood samples were collected by venapuncture using the Venoject multiple sample blood collecting system with a suitable size sterile vessel containing sodium heparin. Immediately after blood collection lymphocyte cultures were started.
- Culture medium
Culture medium consisted of RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 20% (v/v) heat-inactivated (56°C; 30 min) foetal calf serum, L-glutamine (2 mM), penicillin/streptomycin (50 U/mL and 50 µg/mL respectively) and 30 U/mL heparin.
- Lymphocyte cultures
Whole blood (0.4 mL) treated with heparin was added to 5 mL or 4.8 mL culture medium (in the absence and presence of S9-mix, respectively). Per culture 0.1 ml (9 mg/mL) phytohaemagglutinin was added.
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: not applicable, immediately after blood collection lymphocyte cultures were started.
- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: yes
- Periodically "cleansed" against high spontaneous background: not applicable, immediately after blood collection lymphocyte cultures were started.
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
Rat liver S9-mix induced by a combination of phenobarbital and ß-naphthoflavone.
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
Dose range finding test:
Without and with S9-mix, 3hr exposure;: 10, 33, 100, 333 and 1000 µg/mL
With S9-mix, 24 and 48hr exposure; 24 and 48 hr fixation: 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000 and 2773 µg/mL
First cytogenetic test:
Without S9-mix, 3 h exposure time, 24 h fixation time: 0.1, 3 and 9 µg/mL
With S9-mix, 3 h exposure, 24 h fixation time: 10, 30 and 50 µg/ mL
Second cytogenetic test:
Without S9-mix, 24 hr exposure; 24 hr fixation: 0.3, 1 and 3 µg/mL
Without S9-mix, 48 hr exposure; 48 hr fixation: 0.3, 1 and 3 µg mL
With S9-mix, 3 hr exposure; 48 hr fixation: 3, 30 and 50 µg/mL
Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Test compound was soluble in DMSO and DMSO has been accepted and approved by authorities and international guidelines
Controlsopen allclose all
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
mitomycin C
Remarks:
without S9 Migrated to IUCLID6: in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution: 0.5 µg/mL for a 3 h exposure period, 0.2 µg/mL for a 24 h exposure period and 0.1 µg/mL for a 48 h exposure period
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
cyclophosphamide
Remarks:
with S9 Migrated to IUCLID6: in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution: 10 µg/mL
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 48 hr
- Exposure duration: 3 hr (with and without S9-mix), 24 and 48 hr (without S9-mix)
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 24 and 48 hr

SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): colchicine
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): Giemsa

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: duplicates in two independent experiments

NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 100 metaphase chromosome spreads per culture

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index of each culture was determined by counting the number of metaphases per 1000 cells

OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: yes
- Determination of endoreplication: yes
Evaluation criteria:
A test substance was considered positive (clastogenic) in the chromosome aberration test if:
a) It induced a dose-related statistically significant (Chi-square test, one-sided, p < 0.05) increase in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations.
b) A statistically significant and biologically relevant increase in the frequencies of the number of cells with chromosome aberrations was observed in the absence of a clear dose-response relationship.

A test substance was considered negative (not clastogenic) in the chromosome aberration test if none of the tested concentrations induced a statistically significant (Chi-square test, one-sided, p < 0.05) increase in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations.
Statistics:
The incidence of aberrant cells (cells with one or more chromosome aberrations, gaps included or excluded) for each exposure group outside the laboratory historical control data range was compared to that of the solvent control using Chi-square statistics.

Results and discussion

Test results
Species / strain:
lymphocytes: human pheripheral blood
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
positive
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTOR:
- Effects of pH: No
- Effects of osmolality: No

- Precipitation: Precipitation in the exposure medium was observed at dose levels of 1000 µg/ml and above

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
- Toxicity was observed at dose levels of 10 µg/ml and above in the absence of S9, 3 hr treatment/24 hr fixation; at dose levels of 10 µg/ml and above in the absence of S9 for the continuous treatment of 24 and 48 hr and at dose levels of 33 µg/ml and above in the presence of S9, 3 hours treatment, 24 hours fixation



COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
- The number of cells with chromosome aberrations found in the solvent and positive control cultures was within the laboratory historical control data range. Positive control chemicals, mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide induced appropriate responses.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- Appropriate toxicity was reached at the dose levels selected for scoring.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive with metabolic activation
positive without metabolic activation

it is concluded that this test is valid and that m-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline is clastogenic in human lymphocytes.
Executive summary:

The number of cells with chromosome aberrations found in the solvent control cultures was within the laboratory historical control data range. Positive control chemicals, mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide, both produced a statistically significant increase in the incidence of cells with chromosome aberrations, indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system (S9-mix) functioned properly.

 

Both in the absence and presence of S9-mix, m-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline induced statistically significant, dose dependent increases in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations both when gaps were included and excluded in two independently repeated experiments.

 

No effects of m-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline on the number of polyploid cells and cells with endoreduplicated chromosomes were observed both in the absence and presence of S9-mix. Therefore it can be concluded that m-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline does not disturb mitotic processes and cell cycle progression and does not induce numerical chromosome aberrations