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EC number: 231-634-8 | CAS number: 7664-39-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
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- Auto flammability
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- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates â in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods field studies (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Older, non-GLP publication.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No further details. - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Litter was collected from eight sites at distances as far as 33 km from an Al reduction plant in western Tennessee. Soil was collected at a level of 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 15 cm.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The main part of the study involves deducing whether the content of fluoride in the litter is related to the distance from thr Al reduction plant. In one test, sodium fluoride is added to the litter to determine the effect on mortality.
- Test organisms (species):
- Porcellus scaber
- Details on test organisms:
- No further details on test organisms.
- Study type:
- field study
- Limit test:
- no
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post observation period.
- Test temperature:
- Not stated
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- Not stated
- Humidity:
- Not stated
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- Not stated
- Details on test conditions:
- The test involves determining whether there is a link between distance from the Al reduction plant and concentration of fluoride ions in the soil. Litter was collected from eight sites at distances as far as 33 km from an Al reduction plant in western Tennessee. Soil was collected at a level of 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 15 cm. To determine the effect of increased fluoride concentration on mortality, a sample of litter was spiked with sodium fluoride and the mortality rate monitored.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- measured.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 126 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 800 mg/kg bw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- Litter was collected from eight sites at various distances away from the plant. Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fibre content, was more sapric and was less acid. Total acid extractable F- in the litter and upper 15 cm of soil was about 41 times as much at the closest site (700 mg/kg) as at the most distant sites (12 and 16 mg/kg). In a bioassay of litter from our study sites, woodlice (Porcellio scaber) had an abnormally high mortality in litter that contained 440 mg/kg or more of acid extractable F-. When F- was added in the form of NaF to the litter, a significant increase in mortality was observed only in treatments exceeding 800 mg/kg.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fibre content, was more sapric and was less acid. In a bioassay of litter from our study sites, woodlice (Porcellio scaber) had an abnormally high mortality in litter that contained 440 mg/kg or more of acid extractable F-. When F- was added in the form of NaF to the litter, a significant increase in mortality was observed only in treatments exceeding 800 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The effects of fluoride concentration were investigated on the numbers of Porcellio scaber in leaf litter. Leaf litter was collected from eight sites at various distances away from an aluminium reduction plant. Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fibre content, was more sapric and was less acid. Total acid extractable F- in the litter and upper 15 cm of soil was about 41 times as much at the closest site (700 mg/kg) as at the most distant sites (12 and 16 mg/kg). In a bioassay of litter from study sites, woodlice (Porcellio scaber) had an abnormally high mortality in litter that contained 440 mg/kg or more of acid extractable F-. When F- was added in the form of NaF to the litter, a significant increase in mortality was observed only in treatments exceeding 800 mg/kg.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods field studies (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- It is considered appropriate to address the toxicity to terrestrial arthropods data requirement for hydrogen fluoride (HF) by read-across to available data on sodium fluoride (NaF).
In water, HF dissociates rapidly to form hydrogen (H+) and fluoride (Fâ) ions, whereas NaF rapidly dissociate to sodium (Na+) and F- ions. Therefore, HF and NaF (as well as other fluorides) will dissociate rapidly to form F- ions in the environment (including moist soil), with any effects observed being directly attributable to the F- ion. The Na+ ion is naturally occurring and regulated by organisms (i.e. by homeostatic mechanisms) and consequently is not considered to have an impact on the read-across of ecotoxicological data. On this basis, the profile of HF is comparable to that of NaF with respect to the environment. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 126 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 800 mg/kg bw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- Litter was collected from eight sites at various distances away from the plant. Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fibre content, was more sapric and was less acid. Total acid extractable F- in the litter and upper 15 cm of soil was about 41 times as much at the closest site (700 mg/kg) as at the most distant sites (12 and 16 mg/kg). In a bioassay of litter from our study sites, woodlice (Porcellio scaber) had an abnormally high mortality in litter that contained 440 mg/kg or more of acid extractable F-. When F- was added in the form of NaF to the litter, a significant increase in mortality was observed only in treatments exceeding 800 mg/kg.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fibre content, was more sapric and was less acid. In a bioassay of litter from our study sites, woodlice (Porcellio scaber) had an abnormally high mortality in litter that contained 440 mg/kg or more of acid extractable F-. When F- was added in the form of NaF to the litter, a significant increase in mortality was observed only in treatments exceeding 800 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
It is considered appropriate to address the toxicity to terrestrial arthropods data requirement for hydrogen fluoride (HF) by read-across to available data on sodium fluoride (NaF). In water, HF dissociates rapidly to form hydrogen (H+) and fluoride (Fâ) ions, whereas NaF rapidly dissociate to sodium (Na+) and F- ions. Therefore, HF and NaF (as well as other fluorides) will dissociate rapidly to form F- ions in the environment (including moist soil), with any effects observed being directly attributable to the F- ion. The Na+ ion is naturally occurring and regulated by organisms (i.e. by homeostatic mechanisms) and consequently is not considered to have an impact on the read-across of ecotoxicological data. On this basis, the profile of HF is comparable to that of NaF with respect to the environment.
The effects of fluoride concentration were investigated on the numbers of Porcellio scaber in leaf litter. Leaf litter was collected from eight sites at various distances away from an aluminium reduction plant. Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fibre content, was more sapric and was less acid. Total acid extractable F- in the litter and upper 15 cm of soil was about 41 times as much at the closest site (700 mg/kg) as at the most distant sites (12 and 16 mg/kg). In a bioassay of litter from study sites, woodlice (Porcellio scaber) had an abnormally high mortality in litter that contained 440 mg/kg or more of acid extractable F-. When F- was added in the form of NaF to the litter, a significant increase in mortality was observed only in treatments exceeding 800 mg/kg.
Referenceopen allclose all
Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fiber content, was more sapric and was less acid. Total acid extractable F- in the litter and upper 15 cm of soil was about 41 times as much at the closest site (700 mg/kg) as at the most distant sites (12 and 16 mg/kg).
Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fiber content, was more sapric and was less acid. Total acid extractable F- in the litter and upper 15 cm of soil was about 41 times as much at the closest site (700 mg/kg) as at the most distant sites (12 and 16 mg/kg).
Description of key information
A published study investigating the potential effects of fluoride on Porcellio scaber is available.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The effects of fluoride concentration were investigated on the numbers of Porcellio scaber in leaf litter. Leaf litter was collected from eight sites at various distances away from an aluminium reduction plant. Results showed that litter collected far from the plant had a lower fibre content, was more sapric and was less acid. Total acid extractable fluoride in the litter and upper 15 cm of soil was about 41 times as much at the closest site (700 mg/kg) as at the most distant sites (12 and 16 mg/kg). In a bioassay of litter from study sites, woodlice (Porcellio scaber) had an abnormally high mortality in litter that contained 440 mg/kg or more of acid extractable fluoride. When fluoride was added in the form of NaF to the litter, a significant increase in mortality was observed only in treatments exceeding 800 mg/kg (Beyer et al, 1987).
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