Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 215-222-5 | CAS number: 1314-13-2
PBT assessment
Administrative data
PBT assessment: overall result
- Name:
- zinc oxide standard
- Type of composition:
- boundary composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Reference substance:
- zinc oxide standard
- Name:
- zinc oxide lower grade
- Type of composition:
- boundary composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- >= 95 - < 99.7 % (w/w)
- Reference substance:
- zinc oxide lower grade
- Reference substance:
- zinc oxide lower grade
- This impurity is considered relevant for the classification and labelling of the substance
- Name:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Type of composition:
- boundary composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: nanoform
- Reference substance:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Type of information reported:
- set of nanoforms
- Name of set of nanoforms:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- Shape category:
- spheroidal
- Shape:
- spherical
- Pure shape:
- yes
- Shape category:
- spheroidal
- Percentile:
- D10
- Range:
- >= 5.8 - <= 34.2 nm
- Percentile:
- D50
- Range:
- >= 12.9 - <= 70.8 nm
- Percentile:
- D90
- Range:
- >= 27 - <= 117.4 nm
- Additional information:
- All materials in this group are identified as nanomaterials by the REACH definition, and are all in the spheroidal category.
- Fraction of constituent particles in the size range 1-100 nm:
- >= 90 - <= 100 %
- Structure:
- crystalline
- Name:
- wurtzite
- Pure structure:
- yes
- Crystal system:
- hexagonal
- Description:
- The zinc oxide nanos in this group have a hexagonal crystal system and a P6(3)mc (nr = 186) space group.
- Range of specific surface area:
- >= 10 - <= 51 m²/g
- Surface treatment applied:
- yes
- Does the set contain both treated and non-surface treated nanoforms?:
- no
- Surface treatment name:
- Silanes
- Order:
- #1
- Surface treatment agent:
- Zinc oxide nano - hydrophobic surface treatment
- External layer:
- hydrophobic
- Description:
- DESCRIPTION
All of the nanos have a hydrophobic coating, to include: triethoxycaprylylsilane, dimethicone, dimethoxydiphenylsilanetriethoxycaprylylsilane polymer or triethoxyoctylsilane.
DESCRIBE THE PROCESS BEHIND THE SURFACE FUNCTIONALISATION / TREATMENT:
- Main features of the surface treatment/functionalisation process: ZnO-nano is produced by pyrometallurgical (or high temperature) processes:
• Solid zinc bearing material is fed continuously into a plasma furnace at very high temperature
• Zinc is vaporized in the furnace, and is oxidised in the gasphase forming nano-ZnO
• After cooling, the nano-ZnO is caught in a closed chamber, from where it is transferred to specialized packaging units.
From the entrance of the zinc bearing material (e.g.: zinc metal, Zn powder, ZnO powder…) into the system until the collection (in specialized installation) of the nano-powder at the end of the manufacturing line, the process is entirely enclosed.
ZnO-nano can also be produced by wet chemical process
A hydrophobic coating is then applied to facilitate the integration/mixing of the substance in the final application. - Percentage of coverage of particle surface, %:
- >= 20 - <= 100
- Name:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Type of composition:
- boundary composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: nanoform
- Reference substance:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Type of information reported:
- set of nanoforms
- Name of set of nanoforms:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Reason / purpose:
- justification for reporting set of similar nanoforms
- Related information:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- Shape category:
- spheroidal
- Shape:
- spherical
- Pure shape:
- yes
- Shape category:
- spheroidal
- Percentile:
- D10
- Range:
- >= 4.7 - <= 38 nm
- Percentile:
- D50
- Range:
- >= 8.9 - <= 96.6 nm
- Percentile:
- D90
- Range:
- >= 16.1 - <= 175.7 nm
- Additional information:
- All materials in this group are identified as nanomaterials by the REACH definition, and are all in the spheroidal category.
- Fraction of constituent particles in the size range 1-100 nm:
- >= 90 - <= 100 %
- Structure:
- crystalline
- Name:
- wurtzite
- Pure structure:
- yes
- Crystal system:
- hexagonal
- Description:
- The zinc oxide nanos in this group have a hexagonal crystal system and a P6(3)mc (nr = 186) space group.
- Range of specific surface area:
- >= 10 - <= 100 m²/g
- Surface treatment applied:
- yes
- Does the set contain both treated and non-surface treated nanoforms?:
- yes
- Surface treatment name:
- hydrophilic coating
- Order:
- #1
- Surface treatment agent:
- Zinc oxide nano with and without hydrophilic surface treatment
- External layer:
- hydrophilic
- Description:
- Only three of the nanos have a hydrophilic coating. The hydrophilic coatings which were used were hydrated silica for one of the nanos and aminosilanes for two of the nanos.
The rest of the nanos in this group are uncoated and do not have any additional surface treatment.
DESCRIBE THE PROCESS BEHIND THE SURFACE FUNCTIONALISATION / TREATMENT:
- Main features of the surface treatment/functionalisation process: ZnO-nano is produced by pyrometallurgical (or high temperature) processes:
• Solid zinc bearing material is fed continuously into a plasma furnace at very high temperature
• Zinc is vaporized in the furnace, and is oxidised in the gasphase forming nano-ZnO
• After cooling, the nano-ZnO is caught in a closed chamber, from where it is transferred to specialized packaging units.
From the entrance of the zinc bearing material (e.g.: zinc metal, Zn powder, ZnO powder…) into the system until the collection (in specialized installation) of the nano-powder at the end of the manufacturing line, the process is entirely enclosed.
ZnO-nano can also be produced by wet chemical process
For the nanos with a surface treatment, a hydrophilic coating is then applied to facilitate the integration/mixing of the substance in the final application. - Percentage of coverage of particle surface, %:
- >= 20 - < 100
- PBT status:
- PBT assessment does not apply
- Justification:
According to regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) a PBT and vPvB assessment shall usually be conducted as foreseen in Article 14 (3) (d) in conjunction with Annex I Section 4 and according to the criteria laid down in Annex XIII. However, according to Annex XIII a PBT and vPvB assessment shall not be conducted for inorganic substances. ZnO is an inorganic substance, thus a PBT and vPvB assessment is not required.
Still, the points below are raised:
Zinc is a natural, essential element, which is needed for the optimal growth and development of all living organisms, including man. All living organisms have homeostasis mechanisms that actively regulate zinc uptake and absorption/excretion from the body; due to this regulation, zinc and zinc compounds do not bioaccumulate or biomagnify.
Zinc is an element, and as such the criterion “persistence” is not relevant for the metal and its inorganic compounds in a way as it is applied to organic substances. The removal of inorganic substances from the water column has been discussed as a surrogate for persistence. In section 4.6 (of the CSR), the rapid removal of zinc from the water column is documented. So, zinc does not meet this criterion, neither.
Considering the above, zinc and zinc compounds (including nano forms) are not PBT or vPvB.
Referenceopen allclose all
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