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EC number: 266-002-0 | CAS number: 65996-69-2 The fused substance formed by the action of a flux upon the gangue of the iron-bearing materials charged to a blast furnace and upon the oxidized impurities in the iron produced. Depending upon the particular blast furnace operation, the slag is composed primarily of sulfur and oxides of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and silicon.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Bioaccumulation of trace elements released from slag, is negligible in the environment
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- BCF (aquatic species):
- 10 dimensionless
Additional information
Ferrous slags are inorganic UVCB similar to natural rock. These materials contain trace elements of toxicological or environmental relevance. The accumulation of these elements was tested in field studies. For several elements tested, there was a high scattering of their concentrations in animals and algae, including controls, but it could not be shown that a significant accumulation of these trace elements occurred.
The BCF 10 was taken as the worst case for heavy metals in aquatic environments to cover for the influence of slags in comparison to natural rock material
Since slags are inorganic UVCB similar to natural rock, there is no need to perform any study on bioaccumulation.
Rejected Study
To elucidate the possible bioaccumulation of trace metals released from slag stones used in hydraulic engineering, slags were exposed to Rhine water. Dikerogammarus villosus (Amphipoda, Crustaceae), Bithynia tentaculata (Gastropoda), the mussels Corbicula fluminea and Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia), and the macrozoobenthos (sessile heterotrophes) were used to monitor bioaccumulation of trace elements which were assumed to be derived from slags. Basalt was used as control.
There were no data available for Dikerogammarus villosus, and there were in approximately 60 % of the measurements higher concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni) in slag-exposed organisms than in basalt-exposed organisms.
The author interpreted the data as evidence for relevant bioaccumulation:
Cu: As the control animals in contact with basalt had much higher Cu concentrations than the animals in the BOS (5-50 mm) baskets, it was assumed that there was an analytical error and the data were not taken into account for the overall assessment.
Pb, Cr, Ni: It was assumed that there was a relevant bioaccumulation in the bodies of the animals and in the sessile organisms on the slag-exposed organisms.
The interpretation of the author is not followed:
There was a large scattering in the concentrations of the 4 elements examined (Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni). The concentrations of these metals in slag-exposed organisms were less than 1 % to up to 70 times the value of basalt-exposed organisms. The highest values were obtained in Bithynia tentaculata for Cr and in Corbicula fluminea for Ni. In both cases the bioaccumulation, as calculated from the ratio of concentrations in slag versus basalt-exposed concentrations, was high because the basalt controls were approximately one order of magnitude lower than in the other organisms. Taking into account that 40 % of the values of slags are lower than the control values, the data suggest that there was no significant bioaccumulation and there were no relevant differences between organisms exposed to slag and basalt.
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