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EC number: 266-002-0 | CAS number: 65996-69-2 The fused substance formed by the action of a flux upon the gangue of the iron-bearing materials charged to a blast furnace and upon the oxidized impurities in the iron produced. Depending upon the particular blast furnace operation, the slag is composed primarily of sulfur and oxides of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and silicon.
Monitoring data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- monitoring data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1995-2000
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study using national guideline. Study meets generally accepted scientific principles. Study acceptable for assessment
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Physical and chemical characteristics of blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace, and electric arc furnace steel industry slags
- Author:
- Proctor DM, Fehling KA, Wittenborn JL, Green JJ, Avent C, RD Bigham, Connolly M, Lee B, Shepker TO, Zak MA
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 1576-1582.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume 1, Human Health Evaluation Manual Part A; interim final; EPA/540/1-89/002
- Author:
- US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), Office of Emergency and Remedial Response 1989
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- US Government Printing Office: Washington, DC
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Compilation of soil data of the USA, assumed to be representative for EU conditions as well
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of measurement:
- background concentration
- Media:
- soil
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace
- EC Number:
- 266-002-0
- EC Name:
- Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace
- Cas Number:
- 65996-69-2
- Molecular formula:
- ~ Al(n)Ca(m)Mg(o)Si(p)O(3n/2+m+o+2p)
- IUPAC Name:
- Aluminium-Calcium-Magnesium-Silicium oxide equivalent
- Details on test material:
- Information is relevant for comparison of slag concentrations with naturally occuring background values of trace elements in US soils
Constituent 1
Study design
- Details on sampling:
- The concentrations of some trace elements in slag are higher than in soil. Since the trace elements are bound into the slag, only a very small part of the elements are leached.
Since the essential elements calcium, carbon, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur are ubiquitous in the earth´s crust (US EPA 1989), pursuant to the Assessment Guidance for Superfund (US EPA 1989), they were not evaluated by the authors.
US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), Office of Emergency and Remedial Response 1989 Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume 1, Human Health Evaluation Manual Part A; interim final; EPA/540/1-89/002; US Government Printing Office: Washington, DC
Results and discussion
Concentrationopen allclose all
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: element Aluminium total
- Conc.:
- 70 995 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Arsenic
- Conc.:
- 7.2 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Barium
- Conc.:
- 588 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Beryllium
- Conc.:
- 0.9 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Chromium (total)
- Conc.:
- 54 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Cobalt
- Conc.:
- 9.1 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: copper
- Conc.:
- 25 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: lead
- Conc.:
- 19 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Manganese
- Conc.:
- 555 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Mercury
- Conc.:
- 0.09 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Molybdenum
- Conc.:
- 0.97 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Nickel
- Conc.:
- 19 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- New Mexico
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Selenium
- Conc.:
- 0.2 - 0.8 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Thallium
- Conc.:
- 0.4 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Tin
- Conc.:
- 1.3 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: Vanadium
- Conc.:
- 81 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Country:
- United States (the)
- Location:
- all country
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: zinc
- Conc.:
- 60 mg/kg dw
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean in natural soil
- Details on results:
- See the following Table for comparison with slag levels
Any other information on results incl. tables
Comparison of trace element concentrations in ABS/GBS to their concentrations in soils
Trace element |
backgroundaMean |
backgroundaSD |
Slag Arithmetic mean |
slag SD |
Slag above background? |
|
(mg/kg) |
(mg/kg) |
(mg/kg) |
(mg/kg) |
|
Aluminum |
70995 |
80376 |
41245 |
5781 |
no |
Antimony |
0.67 |
0.66 |
ND |
NS |
ND |
Arsenic |
7.2 |
6.8 |
1.3 |
3.5 |
nob |
Barium |
588 |
520 |
273 |
67 |
no |
Beryllium |
0.9 |
1.0 |
8.2 |
1.7 |
Yes |
Cadmium |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Chromium |
54 |
57 |
132 |
226 |
yesd |
Chromium(VI) |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Cobalt |
9.1 |
8.4 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
no |
Copper |
25 |
28 |
5.3 |
6.3 |
no |
Lead |
19 |
13 |
3.6 |
9.1 |
nob |
Manganese |
555 |
749 |
5527 |
4833 |
yes |
Mercury |
0.09 |
0.10 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Molybdenum |
0.97 |
1.3 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
yesb |
Nickel |
19 |
19 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
nob |
Selenium |
0.2 |
0.8 |
3.9 |
1.6 |
yes |
Silver |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Thallium |
0.4 |
0.4 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Tin |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
nob |
Vanadium |
81 |
78 |
54 |
90 |
no |
zinc |
60 |
45 |
20 |
37 |
no |
aBackground concentrations (Dragun and Chiasson, 1981; cited according to Protor et al. (2000) with Selenium corrected).bMaximum compared to background mean plus 2 SDfor trace elements with detection frequency of less than 50%.cSince detectable in slag but seldom in background assumed to be above background.dNo statistical difference from background but assumed to be above background from "general examination of the data".
ND, not determined because trace element is rare in background and/or slag
Literature: Dragun J, Chiasson A 1981 Elements in North American Soils; Hazardous Materials Control Resources Institutes, Greenbelt MD (cited according to Proctor et al. 2000, not available)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Most of the concentrations of trace elements in slags do not exceed their concentrations in the background soil with the exception of Be (factor of <10), Cr (factor of <5), Mn (factor of 10), Mo (only maximumby a factor of <2), and Se (factor of 20). The maximum concentrations of Sb in slags were evaluated to be above background whereas mean was not. The concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn in slags were below the background levels. Cd and Ag were neither detected in slags nor in the background.
- Executive summary:
The background concentrations of trace elements in soils and their concentrations in slags are similar due to their common origin (from mineral rock).
The concentrations of some trace elements in slag did exceed their concentrations in the background soil: Be at a background level of 0.9 +/- 1.0 mg/kg by a factor of <10, Cr at a background level of 54 +/- 57 mg/kg by a factor of <5, Mn at a background level of 555 +/- 749 mg/kg by a factor ofapproximately 10, Mo (rarely, only maximum) at a background level of 0.97 +/- 1.3 mg/kg by a factor of <2, and Se at a background level of 0.2 +/- 0.8 mg/kg by a factor of <20. The maximum concentrations of Sb in slags were evaluated to be above background whereas mean was not. The concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn in slags were below the background levels. Cd and Ag were neither detected regularily in slags nor in the background.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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