Oils, cinnamon

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Remarks:

Constituent approach

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Cinnamon bark oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS). With 90.16% of the constituents of Cinnamon bark oil known, this NCS can be considered as a well defined NCS. Cinnamon bark oil consists for 30 to 75% of cinnamic aldehyde and a variety of structurally related aldehydes and alcohols. If the constituents of the NCS are readily biodegradable, the NCS itself is readily biodegradable as well.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

other company data

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Reference 2

Reference Type:

other: "MITI database"

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Reference 3

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Robust Summaries for Cinnamyl Derivatives, FFHPVC Aromatic Consortium Registration Number, 201 – 15843B

Author:

OPPT

Year:

2005

Bibliographic source:

http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/summaries/cinna/c12912rr.pdf

Reference 4

Reference Type:

other: Estimation program

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2013

Reference 5

Reference Type:

other: estimation method

Title:

BIOWIN v4.10

Author:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Year:

2008

Bibliographic source:

US EPA. [2008]. Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows, v 4.00. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Test guideline 4

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Assessment of the Ready biodegradability of the known constituents; addition of the percentage of readily biodegradable constituents in the mixture gives the fraction of ready biodegradable substances.
If this fraction exceeds 75%, the NCS is classified as 'readily biodegradable'.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Cinnamomum zeylanicum, ext.

IUPAC Name:

Cinnamomum zeylanicum, ext.

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Cinnamon bark oil

IUPAC Name:

Cinnamon bark oil

Constituent 3

Reference substance name:

84649-98-9

Cas Number:

84649-98-9

IUPAC Name:

84649-98-9

Constituent 4

Reference substance name:

Cinnamomum zeylanicum, ext.

EC Number:

283-479-0

EC Name:

Cinnamomum zeylanicum, ext.

IUPAC Name:

283-479-0

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cinnamon bark oil
- Physical state: liquid

Study design

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)

Results and discussion

% Degradation

% Degradation 1

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

> 60

Sampling time:

28 d

% Degradation 2

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (CO2 evolution)

Value:

> 60

Sampling time:

28 d

Details on results:

Details for all constituents are summarised in window "Any other information on results" and in attached document

Any other information on results incl. tables

Assessment of the biodegradability of Cinnamon bark oil:

Each of the identified constituents, totalling 90.16% of the composition, is readily biodegradable or expected to be readily biodegradable, see data in table below.

Constituent	Results of biodegradation assessment
Cinnamic aldehyde trans CAS# 14371-10-9	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - OECD 301B - CO2 evolution (Sealed vessel)
Cinnamyl acetate CAS# 103-54-8	Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE according to the UM-BBD Pathway and BIOWIN predictions
(E)-Cinnamic alcohol CAS# 104-54-1	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in:  - OECD 301C (MITI, 30 mg sludge/L, 100 mg test substance/L), 14d
2'-methoxycinnamaldehyde CAS# 1504-74-1	Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE according to the UM-BBD Pathway and BIOWIN predictions
Eugenol CAS# 97-53-0	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: EU-C.4-E (Closed Bottle Test) OECD 301B (Sealed CO2) OECD 301F
Terpineol alpha & beta & gamma CAS# 8000-41-7	(a-terpineol): READILY BIODEGRADABLE:  - OECD 310 Carbon Dioxide Headspace test, CO2 production
Linalool CAS# 78-70-6	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - OECD 301F
Benzyl benzoate CAS# 120-51-4	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: -MITI (I) / OECD 301C  - OECD 301B
Caryophyllene CAS# 87-44-5	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - OECD301F
Para-Cymene C10H14 CAS#99-87-6	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - OECD301F - MITI (I) / OECD 301C (improved type for a volatile substance)
Safrole CAS#94-59-7	Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE by analogy to Eugenol (see above) and Heliotropin (see next row)
Heliotropin CAS 120-57-0	Structural analogue for Safrole READILY BIODEGRADABLE - OECD 301F - OECD 301B (sealed CO2)
Cineole (1,8) CAS#470-82-6	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in:  - OECD 301B, sealed CO2 - OECD 301F - OECD 301D, Closed bottle
p-mentha-1,5-diene CAS# 99-83-2	Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE Biodegradable based on structural analogues in this monocyclic terpenes group, e.g. Gamma-Terpinene (see next row)   They share the same carbon skeleton; the only difference is the position of the double bonds. This is not expected to affect the sensitivity to biodegradation in a significant way
Gamma-Terpinene C10H16 CAS# 90-85-4	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - MITI (I) / OECD 301C, improved for volatile substance
Coumarin CAS# 91-64-5	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - OECD 301C (MITI 1; 30 ppm sludge/L, 100 ppm test substance/L), 2 wk
Benzaldehyde CAS# 100-52-7	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - OECD 301C (MITI 1)
Styrene CAS# 100-42-5	READILY BIODEGRADABLE in: - ISO DIS 9408 (~OECD 301F Manometric Respirometry, 91 mg test substance/L), 10d - OECD 301D (Closed Bottle, 3, 7 and 10 mg test substance/L), 5d
Fraction of NCS readily biodegradable Including likely to be readily constituents: 90.16%	85.5% of the composition is readily biodegradable according to experimental data. The remaining 4.7% is readily biodegradable by analogy to closely related structures

The complete assessment is added attached to this study record.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Cinnamon bark oil is considered as readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

Cinnamon bark oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS) for which > 90% of the constituents is identified. In the typical Cinnamon bark oil, the main constituent is Cinnamic aldehyde - trans (60%, range 30 -75%). As no valid empirical results from a test for the ready biodegradation of Cinnamon bark oil are available, the assessment is based on its constituents. The assumption is that if the constituents of the NCS are readily biodegradable, the NCS itself is readily biodegradable as well. For all known constituents typically comprising 85.5% of the composition, the available data obtained in tests on the ready biodegradability show that the constituents are readily biodegradable. For some constituents (4.7% of the NCS) the ready biodegradability is decided based on the ready biodegradability of structurally related substances.

Thus 90.16% of the composition of this NCS is in the category of readily biodegradable substances and therefore Cinnamon bark oil is considered as readily biodegradable.