Tetrasodium 8-[[4-[(4-amino-3-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-6-sulphonatonaphthyl]azo]-5-[[6-(benzoylamino)-1-hydroxy-3-sulphonato-2-naphthyl]azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Testing strategy Analysis before performing in vivo study 

The sequential testing strategy was used as it is recommended in supplement to TG 405(2012).

SAR systems are not applicable to this type of test substance.

Validated and accepted in vitro tests for eye corrosion/irritation and in vitro skin irritation have been conducted prior to decide performing the in vivo test.

It was BCOP test (OECD TG No. 437), In vitro Skin Irritation Test (OECD TG No. 439) and In vitro Eye Irritation Test (OECD TG No.492). The results did not allow the classification of test substance with regard to its potential to cause eye irritation or serious eye damage. QSAR model is not applicable to this type of test substance.

- Study No. 79/16/4AI: Direct Blue 85 - In vitro Skin Irritation Test (EpiDermTM Model); VUOS-CETA Report No. 17-73, 2017.

Result: no category in regard to skin irritation

- Study No. 79/16/5BCOP: Direct Blue 85 - Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test; VUOS-CETA Report No. 16-473, 2016

Result: no prediction can be made

- Study No. 79/16/5AI: Direct Blue 85 - In vitro Eye Irritation Test (EpiOcularTM Model); VUOS-CETA Report No. 17-70, 2017.

Result: substance potentially requiring classification and labelling, further testing with other test methods will be required

Therefore it was decided to perform in vivo eye irritation study

Study No.: 79/16/5: Direct Blue 85 - Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion; VUOS-CETA Report No. 17-442, 2017.

Result:the test substance is not irritating to the eye of rabbit.

The test substance Direct Blue 85 was non-irritating based on in vitro test and based on in vitro eye irritation tests and in vivo test on rabbit eye it is not irritating to the eye. Therefore conclusion is non-irritating for skin and eye.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

4.10.2016 - 20.1.2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Version / remarks:

Adopted: 28th July, 2015

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)

Version / remarks:

Commission Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009, 23rd July 2009

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: MatTek Protocol for: INVITRO EpiDermTM SKIN IRRITATION TEST For use with MatTek Corporation’s Reconstructed Human Epidermal Model EpiDerm

Version / remarks:

Model EPI-200-SIT, Rev. 26/3/2012,1-37

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test system:

human skin model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

non-transformed keratinocytes

Cell source:

other: tissue for research puposes from accredited institutions

Source strain:

other: Keratinocyte strain 00267

Vehicle:

water

Details on test system:

RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUEViable tissues: the reconstructed human epidermal model EpiDerm (EPI-200 ver. 2.0, MatTek, Bratislava, Slovakia); Lot No. 23361 kit DFrozen tissues: the reconstructed human epidermal model EpiDermTM killed by freezing; Lot No.: 23354 kit DTEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEMculture conditions 37±1°C, 5±1 % CO2, moistened tissueREMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS- Volume and number of washing steps: thoroughly rinsed with PBS, blotted to remove the test substanceMTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE- MTT concentration: 1 mg·mL-1- Incubation time: 180±5 mins- Spectrophotometer: Libra S22 at 570 nm. Isopropyl alcohol serves as a blank. FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATABased on Certificate of Analysis the model passed all parametres for viability, barrier function, sterility.NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3CONTROL TISSUES USED IN CASE OF MTT DIRECT INTERFERENCE- killed tissues- Procedure used to prepare the killed tissues (if applicable): by freezing- N. of replicates : 2NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TEST SEQUENCES / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION:Direct MTT reduction - functional check in tubes - not performed due to the test substance intrinsic blue colour. 1. Colour interference => not use concurrent colorant control in the MTT test2. MTT test (frozen tissues) => the correction of result was not necessary3. MTT test (viable tissues)PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIAOECD Test Guideline No. 439 (1), par. 36:- In case the test chemical is found to be non-corrosive (e.g., based on TG 430, 431 or 435), and shows tissue viability after exposure and post-treatment incubation is less than or equal (≤) to 50%, the test chemical is considered to be irritant to skin in accordance with UN GHS (3) Category 2. - The test chemical may be considered as non-irritant to skin in accordance with UN GHS No Category if the tissue viability after exposure and post-treatment incubation is more than (>) 50%.

Control samples:

yes, concurrent negative control

yes, concurrent positive control

Amount/concentration applied:

The test substance (25 mg of substance/surface ratio 39.7 mg/cm2) was placed directly on tissue moistened with 25 µL of PBS and spread on the tissue surface. NC: PBS (phosphate buffered saline), prepared in laboratory 30/08/2016 (live tissues), exp. 02/03/2017MatTek 092316MHE (frozen tissues); exp. 23.9.2017 PC: 5 % SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate), MatTek, Lot No. 020616TMB in water

Duration of treatment / exposure:

60 minutes

Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):

42 hours

Number of replicates:

3

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

1

Value:

101.4

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Other effects / acceptance of results:

All study acceptance criteria were fulfilled. The mean OD570 of the NC tissue was 2.373 ±0.115 which meets the acceptance criteria of ≥ 0.8 and ≤ 2.8.The mean viability of the PC tissues expressed as % of the negative control tissues is 3.3% which meets the acceptance criterion of ≤ 20 %. The SD calculated from individual % tissue viabilities of the 3 identically treated replicates for the positive control, negative control and test substance was < 18 %.

MTT test (frozen tissues)

Treatment	tissue 1	tissue 2	mean	SD	%NC
water (NC)	0.049	0.041	0.045	0.004
avg OD/%	4.1	3.4	3.7	0.33	100.0
79/16 (C1)	0.049	0.055	0.052	0.003
avg OD/%	4.1	4.6	4.3	0.25	115.6

Average TS OD₅₇₀value has been a bit higher than average OD₅₇₀value of the NC. Nevertheless, SDs (97.5% confidence interval) of both measuring have overlapped so correction of result is not necessary.

MTT test (viable tissues)

OD₅₇₀values obtained at the MTT test, their averages, standard deviations (%) and relative viabilities

Treatment	OD570			Mean	SD	%NC
PBS (NC)	2.450	2.458	2.211	2.373	0.115
viability (%NC)	103.2	103.6	93.2	100.0	4.8	100.0
79/16 (C1)	2.168	2.619	2.431	2.406	0.185
viability (%NC)	91.4	110.4	102.4	101.4	7.8	101.4
5% SDS (PC)	0.063	0.087	0.082	0.077	0.010
viability (%NC)	2.7	3.7	3.5	3.3	0.4	3.3

PBS - phosphate buffered saline

SDS - sodium dodecyl sulphate

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Under the above-described experimental design, average viability of tissues treated by the test substance Direct Blue 85 was 101.4 % of negative control average value, i.e. viability was > 50 %. The effect of the test item was negative in EpiDermTM model (tissues were not damaged).According to the classification criteria the test substance, Direct Blue 85, is considered to have no category in accordance with UN GHS and is therefore considered a non-irritant.

Executive summary:

The test item, Direct Blue 85, was assayed for the in vitro skin irritation in human epidermal model EpiDermTM. The test was performed according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 439: In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method test (2015) and Protocol for: In Vitro EpiDerm^TMSkin Irritation Test For use with MatTek Corporation’s Reconstructed Human Epidermal Model EPI-200-SIT (2012).

In preliminary experiment no colour interference with the endpoint was found.

Direct MTT reduction of test substance was not solved by a test in test tube due to its blue colour. Therefore test in frozen tissues was performed directly.

After pre-incubation of tissues, 25 mg of the test substance was placed directly on previously moistened tissue and spread on the entire tissue surface. The length of exposure was 60 minutes. Three tissues were used for the test substance and for positive and negative controls.

After removal of the test substance, tissues were post-incubated for approximately 42 hours. Three hours incubation with MTT and two hours extraction period with shaking followed then. Optical density (OD₅₇₀) of isopropyl alcohol extracts was measured on a spectrophotometer. Relative cell viability was calculated for each tissue as % of the mean viability of the negative control tissues.

No signs of direct reduction were found in the test in frozen tissues, so result obtained in MTT test was not corrected.

Under the above-described experimental design average viability of treated tissues was 101.4%, i.e. viability was >50 %.

The effect of the test substance was negative in EpiDerm^TMmodel (tissues were not damaged).

According to the classification criteria, the test substance, Direct Blue 85, is considered to have no category in regard to skin irritation.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

29. 05. – 05. 06. 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Version / remarks:

Adopted October 2, 2012

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

(see Any other information ...)

GLP compliance:

yes

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS- Source: breeding farm VELAZ s.r.o., Lysolaje, Czech Republic, RČH CZ 21760118- Weight at study initiation: 2.30 – 2.90 kg- Housing: conventional animal room – individually in metallic cages- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum- Acclimation period: 5 days, no signs of disease were observedENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS- Temperature (°C): 20 ± 3°C, permanently monitored- Humidity (%): 30 – 70%, permanently monitored- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h/12 h

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Amount / concentration applied:

A dose of 0.1g of the test substance was applied to the test site.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The test substance was placed into the conjunctival sac of one eye of animals after gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball. The lids were then gently held together for about one second in order to prevent loss of the substance. The other eye, which was untreated, serves as a control.The substance was solid and has not been removed from the eye of the test animal by physiological mechanisms at the first observation time point of 1 hour after treatment. The eye was rinsed with physiological saline solution.

Observation period (in vivo):

examined at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after application

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3 animals

Details on study design:

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE - Washing (if done): rinsed with physiological saline solution - Time after start of exposure: 1h SCORING SYSTEM: To the ocular reactions observed at each time interval the grades were assigned according to the grading system given in OECD Test Guideline No. 405 Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion. Adopted October 2, 2012. TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: hand-slit lamp

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal: 13

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal: 15

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal: 17

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal: 13

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal: 15

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal: 17

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal: 13

Time point:

24 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 24h

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal: 15

Time point:

24 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 24 h

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal: 17

Time point:

24 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 24 h

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal: 13

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal: 15

Time point:

24 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 24 h

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal: 17

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

No alterations of control eyes were observed during the whole study.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The following changes were observed on eye at 1 hour after application: conjunctivae – some blood vessels hyperaemic or diffuse, chemosis – obvious swelling with partial eversion of lids and cornea - coloured by the test substance was observed in all rabbits. Obvious swelling with partial eversion of lids and cornea was observed during 24 hours after application in one rabbit. Coloured cornea persisted to the 2nd day of observation period in two animals. No changes were observed on eye at 72 hour after application in all animals No clinical signs of systemic intoxication were detected.Examination of eye irritation after single application demonstrated, that the test substance, Direct Blue 85, is not irritating to eye of rabbit.

Executive summary:

The test substance, Direct Blue 85, was tested for the assessment of eye irritation/corrosion effects using albino rabbit (New Zealand Albino breed).

The test was performed according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 405 Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion. Adopted October 2, 2012.

Before in vivo testing, the sequential testing strategy as it is recommended in supplement to TG 405(2012) was respected.

The test was performed initially using one animal (No. 13). Because no corrosive or severe irritating effects were observed in initial test, the response was confirmed using two additional animals (No. 15 and No. 17).

The following changes were observed on eye at 1 hour after application: conjunctivae – some blood vessels hyperaemic or diffuse, chemosis – obvious swelling with partial eversion of lids and cornea - coloured by the test substance was observed in all rabbits. Obvious swelling with partial eversion of lids was observed during the 24 hours after application in one rabbit. Coloured cornea persisted to the 2nd day of observation period in two animals.

No changes were observed on eye at 72 hour after application in all animals.

No clinical signs of systemic intoxication were detected.

Evaluation of results after single application demonstrated that the test substance, Direct Blue 85, is not irritating to the eye of rabbit.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

10.8. – 11. 08. 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Version / remarks:

Adopted 26th July 2013

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Species:

cattle

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES- Source: Breeding service CHOVSERVIS a.s., division TORO® Hlavečník, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic- Characteristics of donor animals (e.g. age, sex, weight): The eyes were enucleated as soon as possible after death. No detergent was used. Only healthy animals (12 to 60 months old) considered suitable for entry into the human food chain were used as a source of corneas for use in the BCOP test. - Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue (e.g. transport time, transport media and temperature, and other conditions):The risk of contamination was minimized (e.g., by keeping the container containing the eyes on ice, by adding antibiotics to the HBSS used to store the eyes during transport (e.g., penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 μg/mL).- Time interval prior to initiating testing: The time interval between collection of the eyes and use of corneas in the BCOP was minimized (typically collected and used on the same day). All eyes used in the assay were from the same group of eyes collected on a specific day.- indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: Only corneas from eyes free of defects including scratched, and neovascularisation were used. The isolated corneas, after achieve normal metabolic activity (inductive incubation at 32 ± 1°C for one hour), were examined again. The corneas that show macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or a baseline opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.

Vehicle:

Hank's balanced salt solution

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL - Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 μl of suspension2g of the test substance was suspended in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. VEHICLE Hank`s Balanced Salts Solution (HBSS) - Lot/batch no. (if required): SLBL7680V, Sigma-Aldrich

Duration of treatment / exposure:

4 hrs

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

1.5 hr

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

The results were based on the selection criteria for the eyes, as well as the positive and negative control responses.Number of corneas per group: Exposed group (test substance) - 3 corneas (No. 8, 9, 11) Positive control group (20% Imidazole) – 3 corneas (No. 16, 19, 21) Negative control group (0.9% NaCl) – 3 corneas (No. 1, 2, 4)

Details on study design:

SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEASSelection criteria for eyes used in BCOP: Only corneas from eyes free of defects including scratched, and neovascularisation were used. The isolated corneas, after achieve normal metabolic activity (inductive incubation at 32 ± 1°C for one hour), were examined again. The corneas that show macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or a baseline opacity >7 opacity units were discarded. Preparation: Corneas free of defects were dissected with a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera remaining to assist in subsequent handling, with care taken to avoid damage to the corneal epithelium an endothelium. Isolated corneas were mounted in specially designed corneal holders that consisted of anterior and posterior compartments, which interfaced with the epithelial and endothelial sides of the cornea, respectively. Both chambers were filled to excess with pre-warmed Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM). The device was then equilibrated at 32 ± 1°C for at least one hour in water bath to allow the corneas to equilibrate with the medium and to achieve normal metabolic activity, to the extent possible. Following the equilibration period, fresh pre-warmed EMEM was added to both chambers and a baseline opacity readings were taken for each cornea. Any corneas that showed macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or a baseline opacity >7 opacity units were discarded. Each test group (test substance, concurrent negative and positive controls) consisted of the three eyes. The three corneas with opacity values close to the median value for all corneas were selected as negative control corneas. The remaining corneas were then distributed into treatment and positive control groups. QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEASFrom 25 eyes the 9 eyes were eliminated after inductive incubation, because the baseline opacity values were >7. Nine corneas were used for the study (the corneas No. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 14, 17 and 19), 4 eyes were superfluous and the remaining 3 eyes were used for the testing of another substance.NUMBER OF REPLICATESNumber of corneas per group:Exposed group (test substance) - 3 corneas (No. 1, 4, 5) Positive control group (20% Imidazole in 0.9% NaCl) – 3 corneas (No. 14, 17, 19) Negative control group (0.9% NaCl) – 3 corneas (No. 2, 9, 12) NEGATIVE CONTROL USED0.9% NaClSOLVENT CONTROL USED (if applicable)0.9% NaClPOSITIVE CONTROL USED20% ImidazoleAPPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME750 µL of application form (2g of the test substance was suspended in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution). 4 hrsTREATMENT METHOD: closed-chamber method POST-INCUBATION PERIOD: 1.5 hrREMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE, POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATIONAfter the exposure period, the negative control and the positive control substance was removed from the anterior chamber with EMEM (containing phenol red - the effectiveness of rinsing acidic or alkaline materials). The corneas were given a final rinse with EMEM (without phenol red). The EMEM (without phenol red) was used as a final rinse to ensure removal of the phenol red from the anterior chamber prior to the opacity measurement. The anterior chamber was then refilled with fresh EMEM without phenol red. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were recorded. The test substance was removed from the anterior chamber with EMEM (containing phenol red). The corneas (applied the test substance) were also repeatedly rinsed with EMEM (without phenol red), because the test substance is coloured. Rinsing was finalized after complete removal of the test substance. The EMEM (without phenol red) was used as a final rinse to the opacity measurement. The anterior chamber was then refilled with fresh EMEM without phenol red. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were recorded.METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS: - Corneal opacity: measured quantitatively with the aid of an opacitometer (Opacitometer, MC2 - Le spécialiste du laboratoire – France) resulting in opacity values measured on a continuous scale- Corneal permeability: The amount of sodium fluorescein that crosses into the posterior chamber was quantitatively measured with the aid of UV/VIS spectrophotometry (Spectrophotometer GENESYSTM 10 UV/VIS Scanning). The values of absorbance measured at 490 nm were recorded as optical density (OD490) values. This term was used because the measuring is performed with visible light spectrophotometer using a standard 1 cm path length.SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD490 value)DECISION CRITERIA: IVISUN GHS ≤ 3 No Category> 3; ≤ 55 No prediction can be made ≥ 55 Category 1

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Value:

3.79

Vehicle controls validity:

not examined

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Other effects / acceptance of results:

Study acceptance criteria were fulfilled.

The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was computed according the following formula:

IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD490 value)

Group	IVIS calculation	Result
NC (0.9% NaCl)	1.00 + 15 x 0.011	1.17
PC (20% Imidazole in 0.9% NaCl)	52.00 + 15 x 2.004	82.06
EXP (Direct Blue 85)	3.67 + 15 x 0.008	3.79

Interpretation of results:

other: no prediction can be made

Conclusions:

The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for Direct Blue 85 was 3.79. This value of IVIS is > 3 and simultaneously ≤ 55 therefore the classification according to UN GHS criteria for eye irritation or serious eye damage is: no prediction can be made.

Executive summary:

The test substance, Direct Blue 85, was tested for the evaluation the potential ocular corrosivity or severe irritancy as measured by its ability to induce opacity and increased permeability in an isolated bovine cornea.

The test was performed according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 437, Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage, Adopted 26th July 2013

 

The test was performed using nine isolated bovine corneas. The testing was performed on three groups of corneas: test substance treatment group, positive control group and negative control group. Three corneas per group were used.

Closed-chamber method was used, because the test substance was applicable by micropipette. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were measured. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was calculated from the values of opacity and permeability.

 

The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for Direct Blue 85 was 3.79.

This value of IVIS is > 3 and simultaneously ≤ 55 therefore the classification according to UN GHS criteria for eye irritation or serious eye damage is: no prediction can be made.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

6.9.2016 - 15.9.2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Version / remarks:

Adopted: 28 July 2015

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: SOP: EpiOcularTM EIT for the prediction of acute ocular irritation of chemicals

Version / remarks:

Version 9, April 6, 2015, MatTek corp.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Species:

human

Strain:

other: keratinocyte strain 4F1188

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

- Justification of the test method and considerations regarding applicabilityCell damage (cytotoxicity), playing an important, if not the primary, mechanistic role in determining the overall serious eye damage/eye irritation response of a chemical regardless of the physicochemical processes underlying tissue damage, is followed in this test.This test uses an in vitro procedure allowing the identification of chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage in accordance with UN GHS. This test is not able to distiguih between serious eye damage and eye irritation. - Description of the cell system used, incl. certificate of authenticity and the mycoplasma status of the cell liveThe RhCE tissues are reconstructed from primary human cells, which have been cultured for several days to form a stratified, highly differentiated squamous epithelium, morphologically similar to that found in the human cornea. The EpiOcular™ RhCE tissue construct consists of at least 3 viable layers of cells and a non-keratinized surface, showing a cornea-like structure analogous to that found in vivo.The reconstructed human cornea-like epithelial model EpiOcular™ comes from MatTek, Bratislava, SK, supplied with Certificate of Analysis. Lots No. of tissues used for this test: 23732 fit F and 23702 FRZN-EA (frozen tissues).On the day of receipt, EpiOcular tissues are conditioned to release transport stress related compounds and debris by incubation in assay medium delivered by MatTek for test performance for 1 hour at standard culture conditions and, after media replacement, overnight (following 16-24 hours) also standard at culture conditions.

Vehicle:

physiological saline

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

other: two more tissues as colorant control concurrently to the testing = NSCliving control (incubated with medium instead of MTT solution)

Amount / concentration applied:

The test substance (50 mg of substance/surface ratio 39.7 mg/cm2/per tissue) is placed directly atop to the tissue moistened with 20 µL of PBS. The material should cover the entire tissue surface.The test substance was tested as suspension prepared from test substance at 20% concentration in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. 2g of the test substance was suspended in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

6 ± 0.25 hours

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

18±0.25 hours

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

2

Details on study design:

- Details of the test procedure usedDirect MTT reduction - functional check in tubes => not solved due to blue colour of test substance1. Colour interference (NSCC)2 more tissues as colorant control concurrently to the testing = NSCliving control (incubated with medium instead of MTT solution)True viability = %Viability of treated tissue – %NSCliving2. MTT testA single testing, composed of 2 replicate tissues, is run (plus 2 colorant controls and two for the positive control (PC) and negative control (NC)).After exposure time: extensive rinsing the tissues with PBS brought to room temperature3. Direct MTT reduction – test in frozen tissues (% NSMTT; a non-specific MTT reduction)MTT reducing chemical is applied to two freeze-killed tissues. In addition, two freeze killed tissues are left untreatedTrue viability = %Viability of treated tissue – (%)NSMTT- RhCE tissue construct used, including batch numberThe reconstructed human cornea-like epithelial model EpiOcular™ comes from MatTek, Bratislava, SK. Lots No. of tissues used for this test: 23732 fit F and 23702 FRZN-EA (frozen tissues).- Doses of test chemical and control substances usedThe test substance (50 mg of substance/surface ratio 39.7 mg/cm2) is placed directly atop to the tissue moistened with 20 µL of PBS. The material should cover the entire tissue surface.PC: Methyl Acetate, MatTek, Lot No. 102015ZSA (experiment with live tissues)NC: water for injection- Duration and temperature of exposure, post-exposure immersion and post-exposure incubation periods (where applicable)6 ± 0.25 hours at standard culture conditions (37±1°C, 5±1 % CO2, humidified incubator)25 ± 2 minute immersion incubation (post-soak) at room temperature18 ± 0.25 hours at standard culture conditions (37±1°C, 5±1 % CO2, humidified incubator)- Description of any modifications to the test procedure: no deviation occurred from test guidelines/methods- Wavelength and band pass (if applicable) used for quantifying MTT formazan, and linearity range of measuring device (e.g. spectrophotometer)OD570 is measured on a plate reader Biotek Epoch. Isopropyl alcohol serves as a blank. No external filter is used.- Description of the method used to quantify MTT formazanOptical density (OD570) of isopropyl alcohol extracts was measured on a plate reader. Relative cell viability was calculated for each tissue as % of the mean viability of the negative control tissues. Than the mean relative tissue viability of two individual tissues exposed to the test substance is calculated – this value is, after correction, used for the comparison with limit value.- Description of evaluation criteria used including the justification for the selection of the cut-off point for the prediction modelThe percentage tissue viability cut-off value distinguishing classified from non-classified test chemicals is 60%. Results should thus be interpreted as follows:- The test chemical is identified as not requiring classification and labelling according to UN GHS (No Category) if the mean percent tissue viability after exposure and post-exposure incubation is more than (>) 60%. In this case no further testing in other test methods is required.- The test chemical is identified as potentially requiring classification and labelling according to UN GHS (Category 2 or Category 1) if the mean percent tissue viability after exposure and post exposure incubation is less than or equal (≤) to 60%. - Positive and negative control means and acceptance ranges based on historical data1) The negative control OD > 0.8 and < 2.5, 2) The mean relative viability of the positive control is below 50% of control viability 3) The difference of viability between the two relating tissues of a single chemical is < 20% in the same run. This applies also to the killed controls and the colorant controls which are calculated as percent values related to the viability of the relating negative control.

Irritation parameter:

other: average viablility

Run / experiment:

1

Value:

2.2

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: i.e. viability was ≤ 60 %

Other effects / acceptance of results:

All study acceptance criteria were fulfilled.

Other effects:

- Effects of rinsing or washing:After washing of the test substance off tissues, tissues remained coloured brown-violet. The colour was firmly fixed in tissues and it did not release into assay medium. Tissues remained coloured even after extraction with isopropyl alcohol.Colour of the test substance almost did not affect test result.

Table 1: OD₅₇₀values obtained at the MTT test, their averages, standard deviations (%) and relative viabilities

label	treatment	OD570		OD570		Avg	SD	Average viability
		Tissue 1		Tissue 2				(% NC)
NC	water	2.225	2.187	2.362	2.386	2.290	0.084	100.0
	avg OD/% NC	2.206/96.3		2.374/103.7		100.00	3.66
C4	79/16	0.051	0.048	0.051	0.053	0.051	0.001	2.2
	avg OD/% NC	0.049/2.16		0.052/2.27		2.2	0.05
C4CC	76/16-CC	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.006	0.005	0.001	0.2
	avg OD/% NC	0.004/0.17		0.005/0.23		0.2	0.03
PC	5% MeAc	0.412	0.394	0.210	0.205	0.305	0.98	13.3
	avg OD/% NC	0.403/17.59		0.207/9.06		13.33	4.27

Interpretation of results:

study cannot be used for classification

Conclusions:

Under the above-described experimental design average viability of treated tissues by the test substance Direct Blue 85 was 2.2 % of negative control average value i.e. viability was ≤ 60 %. The effect of the test substance was positive in EpiOcularTM model (tissues were damaged). According to the classification criteria, the test substance, Direct Blue 85, is identified as substance potentially requiring classification and labelling according to UN GHS (Category 2 or Category 1). Further testing with other test methods will be required.

Executive summary:

The test item, Direct Blue 85, was assayed for the in vitro eye irritation in human cornea-like model EpiOcular^TM. The test was performed according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 492: Reconstructed human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) test method for identifying chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage. Details of the procedure are given in Protocol: EpiOcular^TMEye Irritation Test (OCL-200-EIT) for the prediction of acute ocular irritation of chemicals (MatTek 06/29/2015).

After pre-incubation and wetting of tissues, 50 mg of the test substance was placed directly atop to the tissue and it was spread on the entire tissue surface. Length of exposition was 6 hours at 37±1°C in humidified CO2 incubator (5±1% CO2). Two tissues were used for the test substance and every control. Two tissues more were used as colorant control to correction of possible colour interference, which undergo the entire testing procedure excepting of incubation with MTT medium.

After removal of the test substance, tissues were post-soaked in medium for approximately 25 minutes and post-incubated for about 18 hours at culture conditions. Three hours incubation with MTT and two hours extraction period with shaking followed then. Optical density (OD₅₇₀) of isopropyl alcohol extracts was measured on a plate reader. Relative cell viability was calculated for each tissue as % of the mean viability of the negative control tissues.

Direct MTT reduction of test substance was not solved by a test in test tube due to blue colour of test substance. Directly, test in frozen tissues was performed.

The possible colour interference was solved with using of two colorant control tissues incubated by the same way as the other tissues except of colouring in MTT medium. Instead, these tissues were kept in assay medium. Average “viability” of the two tissues was then subtracted from viability of tissues incubated with MTT medium.

Both the additional tests showed negligible influence on OD₅₇₀and correction would not bring any changes to the final result.

Under the above-described experimental designaverage viability of treated tissues was 2.2% i.e. viability was ≤60 %.

The effect of the test substancewaspositiveinEpiOcular^TMmodel (tissues were damaged).

According to the classification criteria given in chapter 4.5., the test substance,Direct Blue 85, isidentified as substance potentially requiring classification and labelling according to UN GHS (Category 2 or Category 1).

Further testing with other test methods will be required.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Justification for classification or non-classification

The test substance Direct Blue 85 was non-irritating based on in vitro test and based on in vitro eye irritation tests and in vivo test on rabbit eye is not irritating to the eye. Therefore conclusion is non-irritating for skin and eye.