Cesium formate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

From April 19, 2010 to April 24, 2010

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Remarks:

No analytical dose verification was conducted.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

not applicable

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Chemical name of vehicle: Water
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution): Stock suspension of 3,000 mg/L was prepared from which appropriate aliquots were pipetted into the test vessels and filled up to final volume of 200 ml with unpolluted natural seawater.

Test organisms (species):

other: Ctenogobius gymnauchen

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 10 days old larvae
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: rotifers
- Frequency: every 24 h

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 1 week
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: rotifers
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

No

Hardness:

No data

Test temperature:

24 ⁰C

pH:

8±0.1

Dissolved oxygen:

7.21±0.38

Salinity:

31±1

Conductivity:

No data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 187.5, 375, 750, 1500, 3000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

Test vessel: 25 L plastic container for dilution water preparing, 1 L glass beaker with dilution water used for fertilized egg hatching and for reservoir water preparing, 250 ml glass beaker for determining the toxicity of base fluids (filled up to 200 ml)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 organism/vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2 vessels/conc.
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2 vessels/control

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

861.52 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: LC 50 at 95% confidence level is 738.43-1003.14 mg/l

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The 50% lethal concentration was calculated by the probit method. LC50 and estimated variance were calculated using Pearman-Karber method.

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Mortality was the main criteria used for the evaluation of the 96 h LC50 of the test substance. No mortality was seen in controls.

Concentration (mg/L)	0 h (live larvae)	96 h (live larvae)
187.5	20	20
375	20	19
750	20	15
1500	20	0
3000	20	0

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC0 value of the test substance was determined to be 861.53 mg/L. The 96 h LC50 (95% confidence limit) was 738.43 - 1005.14 mg/L (nominal).

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to goby fish (Ctenogobius gymnauchen) under static conditions. The study was conducted in a similar manner to OECD Guideline 203. Groups of 10 day old larvae (2 repeats) were exposed to 187.5, 375, 750, 1500 or 3000 mg/L of the test substance dissolved in unpolluted natural sea water. Mortality was assessed after 96 h of exposure. LC50 and estimated variance were calculated according to Pearman-Karber method. No analytical dose verification was conducted. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 of the test substance was determined to be 861.53 mg/L (with 95% confidence limits: 738.43 - 1005.14 mg/L (nominal) (Company data, China, 2010).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

From May 20, 1992 to May 24, 1992

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

No analytical dose verification

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was directly dispersed in test water. No further details available.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Source: Westacre Trout Farm, Westcare, Norfolk
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): Mean standard length: 3.8 cm (SD = 0.3 cm)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Mean weight: 0.69 g (SD = 0.19 g)
- Food type: Commercial trout pellets which was discontinued 24 h prior to test

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7 d
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Yes, acclimation were same as that of the test conditions, the test species were kept in test water at 14±1 °C and with a dissolved oxygen of ≥ 10.0 mg O2/L
- Type of food: Commercial trout pellets
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality was observed

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

No

Hardness:

Total hardness 150 - 200 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

14±1 °C

pH:

No data

Dissolved oxygen:

≥ 10.0 mg O2/L

Salinity:

No data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 320, 560, 1000, 1800, 3200 and 5600 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass aquaria holding 20 L of test media
- Aeration: The test vessels were aerated via narrow bore glass tubes
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 animals per vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): No replicate used in the study
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No replicate used in the study
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No replicate used in the study
- Biomass loading rate: 0.35 g bodyweight/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Laboratory tap water dechlorinated by passage through activated carbon and softened by reverse osmosis.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Water quality (pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen) was measured at initiation (0 h), 24, 48, 72 and 96 h

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No data
- Photoperiod: 16 h light:8 h dark
- Light intensity: No data

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
A. Mortality observed at 3, 6, 24, 72 and 96 h
Criteria for mortality:
1. Absence of respiratory movement
2. Absence of response to physical stimulation
B. Animals were observed for marked reactions like increased pigmentation, loss of equilibrium and lethargy at 3, 6, 24, 72 and 96 h after exposure.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.75 – 1.8

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 2 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Behavioural abnormalities: Increased pigmentation, loss of equilibrium and reduced activity were observed from 1800 mg/L group onwards.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not used in the study

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Cumulative mortality observed:

Concentration  mg/L	Cumulative mortality 3 h  6 h  24 h   48 h  72 h  96 h
320	0	0	0	0	0	0
560	0	0	0	0	0	0
1000	0	0	0	0	0	0
1800	0	0	0	0	3	4
3200	0	0	0	1	4	8
5600	0	0	3	7	10	10

The LC50 values at different time points are given below

Time (h)	LC50 (mg/L)	95 % CL (mg/L)
3	>5600	-
6	>5600	-
24	>5600	-
48	4900	3400-7000
72	2700	2100-3600
96	2100	1600-2700

Behavioural abnormalities:

Concentration (mg/L)	Abnormality	No. of fish affected
		48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	No abnormality detected
320	No abnormality detected
560	No abnormality detected
1000	No abnormality detected
1800	Increased pigmentation		2/7	1/6
3200	Loss of equilibrium		2/6	1/2
	Increased pigmentation		1/6
5600	Increased pigmentation	1/3
	Lethargic	1/3	A/D

x/v - Number of fish affected/number of fish surviving

A/D - All fish dead

Environment monitoring observations:

Measurements range (0-96 h)   pH        Temp           O2
0	7.6-8.0	14-15	10.0-10.2
320	7.8-8.0	14-15	9.9-10.2
560	7.8-8.0	14-15	9.9-10.2
1000	7.9-8.1	14-15	9.9-10.2
1800	8.0-8.1	14-15	9.9-10.2
3200	8.1-8.2	14-15	9.9-10.2
5600	8.2-8.3	14-15	9.9-10.2

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

1. Mortality of control (0/10 in this study) was less than 10%. 2. Constant conditions were being followed in the test (semi-static conditions).

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions the nominal 96 h LC50, LC100 and NOEC of the test substance were determined to be 2100 mg/L, 5600 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of the test substance to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under semi-static conditions according to OECD Guideline 203 and EU Method C.1, in compliance with GLP. Ten fish per dose were exposed to the test substance at 0, 320, 560, 1000, 1800, 3200 and 5600 mg/L. Mortality and behavioural effects were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No analytical dose verification was conducted. Mortality and behavioural effects were noted at 1800 mg/L. Under the study conditions, the nominal 96 h LC50, LC100 and NOEC of the test substance to rainbow trout were determined to be 2100 mg/L, 5600 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively (Douglas, 1992).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From June 8, 1992 to June 12, 1992

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods

Remarks:

No analytical dose verification

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Guidelines issued by Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, U.K

Deviations:

not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was directly dispersed in the test water. No further details available

Test organisms (species):

other: Scophthalmus maximus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Juvenile turbot
- Source: Golden Sea Produce Ltd., Hunterston, Scotland
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): No data
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 3.5 cm (SD = 0.4)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 1.23 g (SD = 0.31)
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Commercial pellets

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 5 d
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test (Temperature: 14±1˚C, Dissolved oxygen: ≥ 8.1 mg02/L)
- Type and amount of food: Commercial pellets
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): 7.3 % in 4 d prior to study

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 d

Post exposure observation period:

No

Hardness:

No data

Test temperature:

14±1˚C

pH:

8.4 - 8.5

Dissolved oxygen:

8.2 mgO2/L

Salinity:

32 %

Conductivity:

no data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 56, 100, 180, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L

Measured concentrations: No data

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass aquaria holding 20 L of test media
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass
- Aeration: Yes, via narrow bore glass tubes
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 animals per vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): No replicates used in the study
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No replicates used in the study
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No replicates used in the study
- Biomass loading rate: 0.62 g bodyweight/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Synthetic sea water (Synthetica)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Water quality (pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen) was measured at initiation (0 h), 24, 48, 72 and 96 h

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No data
- Photoperiod: 16 h light:8 h dark
- Light intensity: No data

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :

A. Mortality observed at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h
Criteria for mortality:
1. Absence of respiratory movement
2. Absence of response to physical stimulation.

B. Animals were observed for marked reactions like loss of equilibrium and abnormalities at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.75 -1.8
- Test concentrations: No data on range finding study

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 260 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: Loss of equilibrium in 560 mg/L at 48 h.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Details of data analysis not available

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Cumulative mortality observed:

Concentration (mg/L)	Cumulative mortality
	1h	3h	6 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
56	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
100	0	0	0	0	2	2	2
180	0	0	0	1	1	1	1
320	0	0	0	0	2	6	7
560	0	0	0	2	4	10	10
1000	0	2	2	6	10	10	10

LC50 values:

Time (h)	LC50 (mg/L)	95% CL (mg/L)
1	>1000	-
3	>1000	-
6	>1000	-
24	770	580-1000
48	440	350-560
72	320	260-400
96	260	200-320

LT50 values:

Concentration (mg/L)	LT50 (h) Median lethal time:	95% CL (h)
320	72	55-95
560	36	26-49
1000	17	11-26

Behavioural abnormalities:

Concentration (mg/L)	Abnormality	24 h	No. of fish affected
			48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	No abnormality detected	-	-	-	-
56	No abnormality detected	-	-	-	-
100	No abnormality detected	-	-	-	-
180	No abnormality detected	-	-	-	-
320	No abnormality detected	-	-	-	-
560	Loss of equilibrium	-	2/6	A/D
1000	No abnormality detected	-	A/D	-	-

x/v - Number of fish affected/number of fish surviving

A/D - All fish dead

Test medium chemistry

Concentration (mg/L)	0 h			48 h			72 h			96 h
	pH	DO	T	pH	DO	T	pH	DO	T	pH	DO	T
Control	8.4	8.2	14	8.5	8.2	14	8.4	8.2	14	8.4	8.2	14
56	8.4	8.2	14	8.5	8.2	14	8.4	8.1	14	8.5	8.2	14
100	8.4	8.2	14	8.5	8.2	14	8.4	8.1	14	8.5	8.1	14
180	8.4	8.2	14	8.5	8.2	14	8.4	8.0	14	8.5	8.2	14
320	8.5	8.2	14	8.5	8.2	14	8.5	8.0	14	8.4	8.1	14
560	8.5	8.2	14	8.5	8.2	14	8.5	8.0	14	-	A/D	-
1000	8.5	8.2	14	8.5	8.2	14	-	A/D	-	-	-	-

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

1. Mortality in the control did not exceed 10 % (no death in the control). 2. Constant conditions have been maintained (semi-static).

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions the 96h LC50 of the test substance to juvenile turbot was determined to be 260 mg/L (nominal).

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under semi-static conditions. The procedures were based on guidelines issued by Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burnham-on-Crouch (UK), in compliance with GLP. Ten fish per dose were exposed to the test substance at 0, 56, 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L. Mortality and behavioural effects were recorded at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No analytical dose verification was conducted. Mortality occurred as of 180 mg/L. Behavioural effects were noted at 560 mg/L. Under the study conditions, the nominal 96 h LC50 of the test substance to juvenile turbot was determined to be 260 mg/L (Douglas, 1992).

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

From May 27, 2008 to May 31, 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

No analytical dose verification was conducted.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: SEPA (2004) Guidelines for the testing of chemicals: 203 “Fish, Acute Toxicity Test”

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No analogue material used

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method: The samples were analysed for dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature with help of JPB-607 Dissolved Oxygen meter, Lovibond ET 8010 Total Hardness Meter and HANNA HI 92240 Microcomputer pH Meter

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

1.10 g of the test substance were weighed and dissolved in 11 L air-saturated water in glass jar. No further details available

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Source: Qianmin Fishery of Yuhong District in Shenyang (Regular Certificate No.: SCXK(Liao) 2003-0011)
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Used in test in juvenile stage
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2-3 cm
- Feeding during test: Not fed during test

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 12 d
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same
- Type and amount of food: Details not reported, fed ad libitum
- Feeding frequency: Fed daily until 24 h before the test
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No death or any sign of disease was observed

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

No

Hardness:

10-250 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

23±2 °C

pH:

6.0 to 8.5

Dissolved oxygen:

More than 60 % of ASV during the test period

Conductivity:

No data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentration: 100 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): Closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass jars holding 11 L water
- Aeration: Aeration not done, however, strongly saturated water was used as the test media
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Renewed every 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: Ten
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): No replicates used
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): No replicates used
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): Not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: <1.0 g fish/L water

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Natural water treated with active carbon water filter then after aerating for 24 h
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At start of exposure, 24 h (before and after renewal), 48 h (before and after renewal), 72 h (before and after renewal) and 96 h (at end of exposure).

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 h photoperiod daily

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Signs of toxicity and death was recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The criterion for death was no opercula movement during a 15 sec period of observation.



TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Not applicable, as only one concentration is used
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Not applicable
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: Preliminary test conducted with only one concentration, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No visibly toxic signs and deaths were observed. Based on the results, the NOEC and LC50 were both greater than 100 mg/L. Hence, the definitive test was carried out with the dose level of 100 mg/L.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: No mortalities observed at the test concentration at any sampling interval

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Physicochemical Measurements

The results of dissolved oxygen, pH value and temperature are shown in Table 1. The results of determination of dissolved oxygen, pH value and temperature were 7.6~8.2 mg/L, 7.40~7.48, and 23.0~23.2 °C, respectively. The allowed range of dissolved oxygen is at least 60 per cent of the air saturation value throughout the test, the pH value is 6.0~8.5, and the temperature is 21~25 °C.

Physicochemical Measurements

Nominal Conc. (mg/L)	Items	0 h (fresh)	24 h (fresh)	24 h (expired)	48 h (fresh)	48 h (expired)	72 h (fresh)	72 h (expired)	96 h (expired)
Control	pH	7.41	7.40	7.44	7.43	7.44	7.42	7.45	7.45
	DO (mg/L)	8.2	8.2	7.9	8.1	7.9	7.9	7.8	7.8
	Temp. (°C)	23.2	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.0	23.0
100	pH	7.43	7.42	7.45	7.45	7.48	7.44	7.43	7.44
	DO (mg/L)	8.0	8.2	7.6	8.2	7.9	8.0	7.8	7.9
	Temp. (°C)	23.2	23.2	23.1	23.1	23.2	23.2	23.1	23.1
Water hardness (mg/L, CaCO3): 108
Alkalinity (mmol/L): 2.0

Cumulative Mortality Data

Nominal Conc. (mg/L)	Initial Population	Time (h)	Cumulative Mortality	Abnormalities
Control	10	3	0	No observed toxic signs
		6	0
		24	0
		48	0
		72	0
		96	0
100	10	3	0	No observed toxic signs
		6	0
		24	0
		48	0
		72	0
		96	0

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

1. Control mortality did not exceed 10 % (none died in the control vessel) 2. Constant semi-static conditions were maintained during the test 3. Dissolved O2 remained more than 60 % of the ASV (maintained at 7.8-8.2 mg/L)

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions the 96 hour LC50 of the test substance to zebra fish was determined to be >100 mg/L and the 96 h NOEC to be 100 mg/L (nominal).

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) under semi-static conditions according to OECD Guideline 203 and SEPA Guideline 203, in compliance with GLP. Ten fish per dose were exposed to the test substance at 0 and 100 mg/L. Mortality and behavioural effects were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No analytical dose verification was conducted. No mortality and behavioural abnormalities were observed. Under the study conditions the 96 h LC50 of the test substance to zebra fish was determined to be >100 mg/L and the 96 h NOEC to be 100 mg/L (nominal) (Zhao 2008).

Description of key information

The test substance was tested in two freshwater (rainbow trout, zebra fish) and two marine (turbot, goby fish) species under semi-static conditions according to recognized test guidelines (OECD 203 or UK MAFF). The LC50 was always above 100 mg/L, which suggests that cesium formate presents low acute toxicity to fish.  

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

861.5 mg/L

Marine water fish

Marine water fish

Effect concentration:

260 mg/L

Additional information

A study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of the test substance to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under semi-static conditions according to OECD Guideline 203 and EU Method C.1, in compliance with GLP. Ten fish per dose were exposed to the test substance at 0, 320, 560, 1000, 1800, 3200 and 5600 mg/L. Mortality and behavioural effects were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No analytical dose verification was conducted. Mortality and behavioural effects were noted at 1800 mg/L. Under the study conditions, the nominal 96 h LC50, LC100 and NOEC of the test substance to rainbow trout were determined to be 2100 mg/L, 5600 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively (Douglas, 1992).

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under semi-static conditions. The procedures were based on guidelines issued by Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burnham-on-Crouch (UK), in compliance with GLP. Ten fish per dose were exposed to the test substance at 0, 56, 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L. Mortality and behavioural effects were recorded at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No analytical dose verification was conducted. Mortality occurred as of 180 mg/L. Behavioural effects were noted at 560 mg/L. Under the study conditions, the nominal 96h LC50 of the test substance to juvenile turbot was determined to be 260 mg/L (Douglas, 1992).

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) under semi-static conditions according to OECD Guideline 203 and SEPA Guideline 203, in compliance with GLP. Ten fish per dose were exposed to the test substance at 0 and 100 mg/L. Mortality and behavioural effects were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No analytical dose verification was conducted. No mortality and behavioural abnormalities were observed. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 of the test substance to zebra fish was determined to be >100 mg/L and the 96 h NOEC to be 100 mg/L (nominal) (Zhao 2008).

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to goby fish (Ctenogobius gymnauchen) under static conditions. The study was conducted in a similar manner to OECD Guideline 203. Groups of 10 day old larvae (2 repeats) were exposed to 187.5, 375, 750, 1500 or 3000 mg/L of the test substance dissolved in unpolluted natural sea water. Mortality was assessed after 96 h of exposure. LC50 and estimated variance were calculated according to Pearman-Karber method. No analytical dose verification was conducted. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 of the test substance was determined to be 861.53 mg/L (with 95% confidence limits: 738.43 - 1005.14 mg/L (nominal) (Company data, China, 2010).