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EC number: 203-105-1 | CAS number: 103-37-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
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- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Gene mutation toxicity study of the test chemical
- Author:
- Mortelmans et al
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Mutagen
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Similar to OECD 471
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test chemical was examined alongside 269 other chemicals for its ability to induce mutagenic changes when tested in Salmonella typhimurium bacterial strains in the presence and absence of metabolic activation with rat and hamster S-9 mix using the preincubation assay method.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzyl acetate
- EC Number:
- 205-399-7
- EC Name:
- Benzyl acetate
- Cas Number:
- 140-11-4
- Molecular formula:
- C9H10O2
- IUPAC Name:
- Benzyl acetate
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Benzyl acetate
- Molecular formula: C9H10O2
- Molecular weight: 150.176 g/mol
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Liquid
- Purity: 99.1%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male Syrian hamsters were routinely used for the preparation of the liver fractions.
- method of preparation of S9 mix : Aroclor 1254 (200 mg/ml in corn oil) was administered ip at 500 mg/kg 5 days prior to decapitation (EGG, SRI) or cervical dislocation (CWR). The animals were deprived of food 12-24 hr immediately preceding death; otherwise food and water were provided ad libitum. The livers were removed aseptically, washed in ice-cold 0.15 M KCl, and minced and homogenized (3 ml of 0.15 M KC1 per gm of wet tissue) in a Potter-Elvehjem apparatus with a
Teflon pestle. CWR initially used a Waring blender, but switched to a Potter-Elvehjem apparatus. The S-9 fraction was obtained by centrifugation of the liver homogenate for 10 min at 9,000 g at 4°C. The S-9 fraction was dispensed into freezing ampules and stored in a -70°C freezer, or in liquid nitrogen.
- source of S9:
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium :The S-9 mix was prepared immediately prior to each assay and consisted of the following, per milliliter: S-9 fraction, 0.10 ml; 0.04 M MgC12,0.02 ml; 1.65 M KCl,0.02 ml; 0.04 M P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), 0.10 ml;0.05 M glucose-6-phosphate, 0.10 ml; 1.0 M NaH2P04, (pH 7.4), 0.10 ml; and distilled water, 0.56 ml. Other levels of S-9 in the S-9 mix were used for some
Aliquots.
- quality controls of S9 (e.g., enzymatic activity, sterility, metabolic capability) - Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 or 10000 ug/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used [none; no data; acetone; arachis oil; beeswax; carbowaxe; castor oil; cetosteryl alcohol; cetyl alcohol; CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose); coconut oil; corn oil; cotton seed oil; DMSO; ethanol; glycerol ester; glycolester; hydrogenated vegetable oil; lecithin; macrogel ester; maize oil; olive oil; paraffin oil; peanut oil; petrolatum; physiol. saline; poloxamer; polyethylene glycol; propylene glycol; silicone oil; sorbitan derivative; soya oil; theobroma oil; vegetable oil; aqueous solvents (water or saline or culture medium)]: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The chemical was soluble in DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- sodium azide
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, 2-aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- 2.NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration (single, duplicate, triplicate): All assays were repeated in duplicate one week after completion of the initial test. At least five dose levels of the chemicals were tested, with three plates per dose level.
- Number of independent experiments : 3
METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable):
- Test substance added in medium; in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation; in suspension; as impregnation on paper disk: pre-incubation
TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Preincubation period, if applicable: 20 minutes
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 48 hours
- Harvest time after the end of treatment (sampling/recovery times): - Rationale for test conditions:
- No data
- Evaluation criteria:
- 1) mutagenic response: a dose-related, reproducible increase in the number of revertants over background, even if the increase was less than twofold;
2) nomutagenic response: when no increase in the number of revertants was elicited by the chemical;
3) questionable response: when there was an absence of a clear-cut dose-related increase in revertants; when the dose-related increases in the number of revertants were not reproducible; or when the response was of insufficient magnitude to support a determination of mutagenicity. - Statistics:
- Mutagenic responses of Salmonella tester strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537,TA97, and TA98 (mean SEM) to test chemicals
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: Salmonella tester strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA97, and TA98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: No data
- Effects of osmolality: No data
- Evaporation from medium: No data
- Water solubility: No data
- Precipitation: No data
- Other confounding effects: No data
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The chemical was tested initially with strain TA100 in the presence and the absence of the metabolic activation systems, over a wide dose range with an upper limit of 10 mgjplate, or less when solubility problems were encountered. Toxicity was evidenced by one or more of the following phenomena: appearance of his+ pinpoint colonies, reduced numbers of revertant colonies per plate, or thinning or absence of the bacterial lawn. Nontoxic chemicals were tested in the initial experiment up to the 10 mg/plate dose level, or to a level determined by their solubility. Toxic chemicals were tested up to a high dose which exhibited some degree of toxicity.
STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data: The positive controls used generated a positive response.
Ames test: The test chemical did not induce mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, TA100, TA1535 or TA1537 both in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system
- Signs of toxicity
- Individual plate counts
- Mean number of revertant colonies per plate and standard deviation - Remarks on result:
- other: No mutagenic potential
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The test chemical did not induce mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, TA100, TA1535 or TA1537 both in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to be mutagenic under the conditions of this study.
- Executive summary:
A bacterial cell gene mutation assay was performed using Salmonella strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100 with and without Aroclor 1254-induced rat and hamster metabolic activation systems to assess the mutagenic potential of the test chemical. Since the test chemical was insoluble in water, DMSO was used as the solvent.Salmonella strains TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100 were obtained by the individual laboratories from Dr. Bruce Ames and were stored according to the protocol described in AMES et.al, 1975. The test chemical was assayed for mutagenicity in the preincubation assay [Haworth et al, 1983]. To each of 13 X 100-mm test tubes maintained at 37°C were added in the following order: 0.5 ml of S-9 mix or 0.1 M PO4 buffer (pH 7.4), 0.05 ml of the overnight culture, and 0.05 ml of solvent or chemical dilution. The mixture was mixed and allowed to incubate without shaking at 37°C for 20 min, at which time 2.5 ml or 2.0 ml of molten (45°C) top agar supplementedwith 0.5 mM L-histidine and 0.5 mM D-biotin were added. The contents of the tubeswere mixed and poured onto 25 ml of minimal glucose bottom agar [Vogel andBonner, 19561 in 15 X 100-mm plastic petri dishes. When the top agar had solidified, theplates were inverted and incubated at 37°C for 48 hr. The doses of the test chemical tested were 0, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 or 10000 ug/plate. The following mutagens were used as concurrent positive controls: sodium
azide for TA1535 and TA 100,4-nitro-o-phenylenediaminef or TA98, and 9-aminoacridine for TA97 and TA1537; 2-aminoanthracene was used with all strains with hamster and rat liver metabolic activation systems. The criteria for a positive response was as described: 1) mutagenic response: a dose-related, reproducible increase in the number of revertants over background, even if the increase was less than twofold;2) nomutagenic response: when no increase in the number of revertants was elicited by the chemical; 3) questionable response: when there was an absence of a clear-cut dose-related increase in revertants; when the dose-related increases in the number of revertants were not reproducible; or when the response was of insufficient magnitude to support a determination of mutagenicity. The test chemical did not induce mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, TA100, TA1535 or TA1537 both in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to be mutagenic under the conditions of this study.
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