Undecenal

Endpoint summary

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish:

Various studies for the target chemical Undecenal (Cas no.1337-83-3) along with read across substance data were reviewed to summarize the following information:

96 hrs aquatic toxicity study conducted from predicted models SSS QSAR prediction model, 2016 and Danish QSAR using Battery, Leadscope and SciQSAR models (in domain) which estimates toxic effects of the test compound Undecenal (CAS no 1337-83-3). These estimated studies indicate that the short term toxicity (LC50) in Oncorhynchus mykiss fish was 6.446434498 mg/l  in static condition and 1.426757 mg/l for 96 hrs with mortality effects respectively.

Another read across study for Undec-10-enal (Cas no. 112-45-8) from experimental result indicate that according to the OECD guideline 203 on Zebra fish (Danio rerio) in a fresh water static system at a nominal concentration level of 0.8 mg/L, 1.76 mg/L, 3.87 mg/L, 8.51 mg/L for 96 hrs.Observations for mortality, visible symptoms, pH, Temperature, dissolved oxygen content were recorded after 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours after the start of the experiment. No mortality was recorded in any of the concentration and the fishes were freely swimming without showing any abnormal symptoms. No mortalities were found in the control aquaria. Based on nominal concentrations used, experimental median no effect lethal concentration [LC-0 (96 h)] for the Undec-10-enal onDanio reriowas found to be 8.51 mg/L.  

But the test substance is readily biodegradable in water medium and also bioaccumulation concentration not≥500 (i.e 9.071 L/kg wet-wt) thus not fulfil the classification criteria of CLP and therefore the target chemical Undecenal (Cas no.1337-83-3)not consider for the aquatic classification.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Various predicted data for the target chemical Undecenal were reviewed to summarize the following information: 

48 hrs aquatic toxicity study (SSS QSAR prediction model, 2016) was conducted to assess toxic effects of the test compound Undecenal (CAS no: 1337-83-3) and the results were predicted. The study was based on the effects of the test compound on Daphnia magna in a static fresh water system. The predicted data suggests the effective concentration (EC50) for the test compound Undecenal was estimated to be7.593779087 mg/l onthe basis of mobility. 

  

48 hrs aquatic toxicity study (Danish QSAR prediction model, 2016) were conducted to assess toxic effects of the test compound Undecenal (CAS no 1337-83-3) and the results were predicted. The study was based on the effects of the test compound on the Daphnia magna in a static fresh water system. The predicted data suggests the effective concentration (EC50) for the test Undecenal was estimated to be3.146678mg/lon the basis of mortality. 

On the basis of results of various predictions for toxicity to aquatic invertebrates, it can be considered that the chemical was classified in chronic category 2 but as the chemical was readily biodegradable hence, the chemical was considered as not classified as per the CLP regulation.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Various predicted data for the target chemical Undecenal(CAS No. 1337-83-3) and studies of its read across substance were reviewed to summarize the following information:

72 hrs aquatic toxicity study was predicted (SSS QSAR Prediction model, 2016) to assess toxic effects of the test compound Undecenal(CAS No. 1337 -83 -3) and the results were predicted. The study was based on the effects of the test compound on Scenedesmus subspicatus in a static fresh water system. The predicted data suggests the effective concentration (EC50) for the test compoundUndecenal(CAS No. 1337 -83 -3)was estimated to be 25.002 mg/l on the basis of growth rate. Thus, based on this value. it can be concluded that the substance can be classified as

aquatic chronic category 3. Since the chemical is readily biodegradable, test chemicalUndecenalcan be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP criteria.

96 hrs aquatic toxicity study (EPI suite, 2016) was conducted to assess toxic effects of the test compoundUndecenal(CAS No. 1337-83-3) and the results were predicted. The study was based on the effects of the test compound on green algae in a static fresh water system. The predicted data suggests the effective concentration (EC50) for the test compoundUndecenal(CAS No. 1337-83-3) was estimated to be 2.267 mg/l on the basis of growth rate. Thus based on this value, it can be concluded that the substance can be classified as aquatic chronic category 2. Since the chemical is readily biodegradable in nature, test chemicalUndecenalcan be considered asnon-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP criteria

Short term toxicity toChlorella pyrenoidosastudy was carried out for 72 hrs (Miyoshi Ikawa et. al; 1997).The conc. of test chemical used was 10000, 5000, 2000, 1000, 500, 200 and 100 mg/l, respectively. The test org.Chlorella pyrenoidosawas obtained from Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas, Austin, TX. The test organism was maintained on the slants of the culture medium containing 1% (w/v) agar. Paper disks (6 mm) were dipped into the test solutions, and the excess removed by touching the disks to the edge of the container. Three disks, each containing about 20µL of solution, were placed on the surface of theChlorella-seeded agar plate. Plates were placed under fluorescent lighting at room temperature and observed after 3 days. After 72 hrs, the plates were observed for growth of the test organism. The assay was carried out in triplicates or more times. Based on inhibition in growth of test organism, the EC100 value was found to be 10,000 mg/l.Thus, based on this value it can be concluded that thetest chemicalUndecenalcan be considered asnon-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP criteria.

 

Based on the overall reported results for target substance, it can be concluded that the substance can be classified as not hazardous as per the CLP criteria

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Various studies for the target chemical Undecenal (Cas no.1337-83-3) along with read across substance data were reviewed to summarize the microorganism toxicity information:

The peer reviewed journal study from Journal (ISAO KUBO et al;Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 52(11), Pg. no. 3329–3332, Jun 2, 2004)study indicate that toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onSalmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640,E. coliATCC 9673,Enterobacter aerogenesATCC 13048,Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 10145, andProteusVulgarisATCC 13315 for 24 hrs. Broth dilution method was used for the antibacterial assay.

The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l. The test bacterial strainswere precultured in 3 ml of NYG broth without shaking at 37°C for 16 h. This preculture was used for the antibacterial assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth.

The MBC was also determined. After the determination of MIC, 100-fold dilutions with drug-free NYG broth from each tube showing no turbidity were incubated at 37°C for 48 hrs. After 48 hrs, the MBC was calculated. MBC was defined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that showed no visible growth in the drug-free cultivation.

  Based on inhibition in growth of test strainSalmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640, the MIC value was found to be 12.5 mg/l.

 And the test compound 2E-Undecenal did not show any antibacterial activity of test bacterial strainE. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosaandP. vulgariis,at a conc. upto 800 mg/l, respectively. Thus, the MIC value for these bacterial strains can be found to be greater than 800 mg/l.

Other scientific journal (Kubo et al; Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 96, Pg. no. 693–699, 2004.)Indicate that inhibition in growth of test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, the MIC value was found to be 12.5 mg/l.

Another experimental study (J. Agric. Food Chem., Vol. 51, Pg. on. 3951-3957, 2003) also indicate that the inhibition of test substance 2E-Undecenal in growth of test organismSaccharomyces cerevisiaeATCC 7754, the MIC and MFC value was found to be 6.25 mg/l by Broth macrodilution method.

Read across substance trans-2-decenal (Cas no. 3913-81-3)also showed the antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa micro organism which is at lowest concentration tested 4000 mg/l (4%) significantly inhibited and Increasing the concentration to 40000 mg/l (40%) completely inhibited the growth of all three microorganisms.(Steven Sagun et al; J Pharmacogn Nat Prod. 2016 August ; 2(3): . doi:10.4172/2472-0992.1000119)

Thus all experimental studies for target substance Undecenal (Cas no.1337-83-3) and read across chemical trans-2-decenal (Cas no. 3913-81-3) indicate that the test chemical have tendency to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.