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EC number: 279-420-3 | CAS number: 80206-82-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
Environmental exposure
Exposure could arise in association with production, formulation and industrial use of the substance. There would also be exposure from consumer uses.
The main uses of alcohols are as manufacturing intermediates for consumer products. Discharge of these products is expected to be primarily to water, through disposal to drain.
Occupational Exposure: As a rule aliphatic alcohols are manufactured and processed in established chemical complexes in closed installations; these are usually operated at high temperature and pressure. At these sites standard personal protective equipment is routinely applied to prevent direct skin and eye contact. Generally, aliphatic alcohols are of a low volatility and as a rule engineering controls are available preventing the need for respiratory protection. For non-routine operations involving a break in enclosed systems a higher level of protection is applied. Operations with a potential for significant exposure require a permit to work system and a case-by-case assessment is made for appropriate protective measures. Exposure through the use of products in industry and commerce is mitigated by applying measures aimed to prevent direct skin and eye contact by following the recommendations in the material safety data sheet (MSDS).
Consumer Exposure: Aliphatic alcohols are formulated in consumer laundry, cleaning and personal care products. Product labels reflect the hazard potential of the chemical ingredients in these products and include first aid instructions in case of non-intentional exposure.
Monotoring data
Monitoring for Alcohols, C12-14 is not carried out at either the sites of manufacture or end-use.
Monitoring is however carried out for Lauryl alcohol and Myristyl alcohol,which are considered to be the major hazard during manufacture, storage and use of Alcohols, C12-14.
Occupational exposure to Alcohols, C12-14 ( Lauryl alcohol and Myristyl alcohol) may occur through oral and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Alcohols, C12-14 is produced or used (SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Alcohols, C12-14 via ingestion of food and kindred product containing Alcohols, C12-14 (SRC).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 58 100 workers (20 007 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Lauryl alcohol in the US(1).Occupational exposure to Alcohols, C12-14 ( Lauryl alcohol and Myristyl alcohol) may occur through oral and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Alcohols, C12-14 is produced or used (SRC).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4525 workers (1820 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Myristyl alcohol in the US(1).Occupational exposure to Alcohols, C12-14 ( Lauryl alcohol and Myristyl alcohol) may occur through oral and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Alcohols, C12-14 is produced or used (SRC).
Measured long chain alcohols in sewage treatment plant influents from monitoring studies in the US
Morrall et al. (2006) reported influent levels of long chain alcohols for 9 wastewater treatment plants across the United States and 3 additional plants were reported in MRI (2004). Influents ranged from 102.8 to 2332.6 µg/L (sum of C12-18 long chain aliphatic alcohols) and averaged 698.4 µg/L across all influents that were sampled ( Table A.).
Individual chain lengths averaged 64.0 µg/L (C13) to 160.0 µg/L (C18). When considering these data further, it should be clear that the analytical procedure includes both free and sorbed alcohol in the measurement. For further consideration of measured exposures in the environment, it is important to understand the amount that is sorbed.
Table A. Measured long chain alcohols in sewage treatment plant influents from monitoring studies in the US
[(Concentrations expressed in µg/L) (data from Morrallet al., 2006 (A) and MRI,2004 (B)). AS-activated sludge L-lagoon; OD-oxidation ditch; RBC-rotatingbiological contactor; TF-trickling filter]
Location |
Treatment Type |
C12 |
C13 |
C14 |
C15 |
C16 |
C18 |
Total |
Data Source |
Influent |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
San Benito, Texas |
L |
40.1 |
39.9 |
51.2 |
165.6 |
55.6 |
37.1 |
389.5 |
A |
Rockaway Valley, |
OD |
82.1 |
25.4 |
83.7 |
57.6 |
78.6 |
102.9 |
430.3 |
A |
St. Clairsville, |
RBC |
51.5 |
15.0 |
55.6 |
34.7 |
40.1 |
37.2 |
234.1 |
A |
Oskaloosa, |
TF |
139.2 |
68.5 |
168.7 |
122.7 |
178.2 |
176.4 |
853.7 |
A |
Sedalia, |
TF |
201.3 |
64.5 |
163.6 |
102.7 |
150.9 |
164.3 |
847.3 |
A |
Rosehill, |
L |
26.1 |
4.25 |
26.62 |
10.49 |
15.62 |
19.75 |
102.8 |
A |
Lodi, |
AS |
69.2 |
12.3 |
71.8 |
52.0 |
78.6 |
90.1 |
374.0 |
A |
Durham, |
AS |
23.2 |
5.0 |
31.8 |
32.9 |
53.6 |
79.0 |
225.5 |
A |
Opelika, Alabama |
OD |
124.7 |
90.8 |
83.8 |
403.1 |
203.5 |
190.4 |
1096.3 |
A |
Lowell, Indiana |
AS |
409.6 |
268.5 |
277.4 |
254.3 |
505.3 |
617.5 |
2332.5 |
B |
Wilmington, Ohio |
AS |
30.0 |
19.5 |
21.1 |
20.8 |
45.0 |
43.7 |
180.1 |
B |
Bryan, Ohio |
AS |
213.1 |
154.2 |
143.4 |
119.9 |
322.6 |
361.7 |
1314.9 |
B |
Influent Average |
84.2 |
36.2 |
81.9 |
109.1 |
95.0 |
99.7 |
506.1 |
A |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
Location |
Treatment Type |
C12 |
C13 |
C14 |
C15 |
C16 |
C18 |
Total |
Data Source |
Effluent |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
San Benito, |
L |
0.958 |
0.067 |
0.626 |
0.329 |
0.888 |
1.555 |
4.423 |
A |
Rockaway Valley, |
OD |
0.603 |
0.025 |
0.093 |
0.021 |
0.142 |
0.641 |
1.525 |
A |
St. Clairsville, |
RBC |
0.023 |
0.008 |
0.025 |
0.007 |
0.017 |
0.050 |
0.130 |
A |
Oskaloosa, |
TF |
0.965 |
0.134 |
0.448 |
0.422 |
0.832 |
1.466 |
4.267 |
A |
Sedalia, |
TF |
1.892 |
0.499 |
1.952 |
0.578 |
4.752 |
3.812 |
13.485 |
A |
Rosehill, |
L |
0.552 |
0.067 |
0.406 |
0.062 |
0.221 |
1.982 |
3.290 |
A |
Lodi, |
AS |
0.134 |
0.015 |
0.041 |
0.026 |
0.060 |
0.294 |
0.570 |
A |
Durham, |
AS |
0.132 |
0.007 |
0.057 |
0.027 |
0.063 |
0.538 |
0.824 |
A |
Opelika, |
OD |
0.140 |
0.128 |
0.032 |
0.010 |
0.010 |
0.438 |
0.758 |
A |
Lowell, Indiana |
AS |
0.160 |
0.004 |
0.004 |
0.385 |
0.035 |
0.352 |
0.941 |
B |
Wilmington, Ohio |
AS |
0.097 |
0.004 |
0.056 |
0.086 |
0.116 |
0.400 |
0.759 |
B |
Bryan, Ohio |
AS |
0.051 |
0.004 |
0.004 |
0.004 |
0.004 |
0.073 |
0.140 |
B |
Effluent Average |
0.270 |
0.038 |
0.1601 |
0.070 |
0.287 |
0.656 |
1.442 |
|
Location |
Treatment Type |
C12 |
C13 |
C14 |
C15 |
C16 |
C18 |
Total |
Data Source |
Removal (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
San Benito, |
L |
97.6 |
99.8 |
98.8 |
99.8 |
98.4 |
95.8 |
98.9 |
A |
Rockaway Valley, |
OD |
99.3 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
99.8 |
99.4 |
99.6 |
A |
St. Clairsville, |
RBC |
100.0 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
A |
Oskaloosa, |
TF |
99.3 |
99.8 |
99.7 |
99.7 |
99.5 |
99.2 |
99.5 |
A |
Sedalia, |
TF |
99.1 |
99.2 |
98.8 |
99.4 |
96.9 |
97.7 |
98.4 |
A |
Rosehill, |
L |
97.9 |
98.4 |
98.5 |
99.4 |
98.6 |
90.0 |
96.8 |
A |
Lodi, |
AS |
99.8 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
99.9 |
99.7 |
99.8 |
A |
Durham, |
AS |
99.4 |
99.9 |
99.8 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
99.3 |
99.6 |
A |
Opelika, Alabama |
OD |
99.9 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
99.8 |
99.9 |
A |
Lowell, Indiana |
AS |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
99.8 |
100.0 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
B |
Wilmington, Ohio |
AS |
99.7 |
100.0 |
99.7 |
99.6 |
99.7 |
99.1 |
99.6 |
B |
Bryan, Ohio |
AS |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
B |
Removal Average |
99.8 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
99.8 |
99.6 |
99.8 |
|
|
|
|
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|
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Levels of long chain aliphatic alcohols (ng/g) determined on coarse and fine sediment fractions in several small mid-western USA streams
Dyer et al. (2006) recently performed a study to determine the appropriateness of the Dunphy et al. (2001) analytical method for measuring alcohol ethoxylate in coarse sediments. The method was applied at three sites of varying sediment composition. Further refinements to the methods were instituted to potentially measure free long chain aliphatic alcohols and alcohol ethoxylates in pore water, surface waters, and chemical sorbed to coarse and fine sediments. Analytical results without further interpretation were recently reported by MRI (2004) to the Soap and Detergent Association (SDA). Three additional sites were considered in this latter study and considered points upstream of the discharge, in the immediate point of entry for the discharge, at the end of the mixing zone, downstream of the mixing zone and far downstream of the mixing zone (Table A.) (MRI, 2004).
Long chain aliphatic alcohols were ubiquitous and primarily associated with fine particulate matter in river sediments.
Measurements by chain length and location were variable and the highest measurements (up to 12 µg/g) were recorded far downstream of sewage treatment plant inputs (above that recorded in the mixing zones and discharge proper).
Levels of alcohols upstream of sewage inputs highly overlapped those in discharge and mixing zone samples (circa 0.1 to 1 µg/g). These observations are indicative of and consistent with the widespread natural presence of long chain aliphatic alcohols in sediments reviewed by Mudge (2005).
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