Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Dietary exposure to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate can occur from its use in food contact sanitizing solutions as an active ingredient, and as an inert ingredient in food-use pesticide products applied to agricultural crops, and animals. There are no currently registered products used in residential settings where to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is considered to be an active ingredient. 
However, to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as an inert ingredient in pesticide products used in residential settings, including hard surface and carpet cleaners, lawn products, and pet products. 
Post application residential exposure can occur in children from hand-to-mouth incidental oral exposure from treated surfaces, and contacting pets treated with flea and tick products. 
Occupational exposure to to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate can occur frommixing/loading/applicationactivities in various use sites, including agricultural food handling, andcommercial/institutional/industrial premises. 
Worker exposure is extremely limited and highly controlled through the use of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and use of closed production systems. 
There is no consumer exposure to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate since it is not used in consumer products but a Dietary exposure to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate can occur from its use in food contactsanitizing solutions as an active ingredient, and as an inert ingredient in food-use pesticideproducts applied to agricultural crops, and animals. There are no currently registered products used in residential settings where to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is considered to be an active ingredient. 

Additional information

Environmental exposure

Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is manufactured from linear alkylbenzene (LAB) in self-contained, enclosed systems. LAB is produced by reacting paraffins with benzene and a catalyst and isolating the LAB by distillation. The LAB is then sulfonated, which in turn is then neutralized to calcium salts of LAS.

In the Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate reaction process, the measured concentrations of SO2, NaOH were 0.0026 and 0.0356 mg/m3, which were below the occupational exposure limit of 0.2 mg/m3 and 2 mg/m3, respectively. And the dust are emitted to atmosphere but the concentration of the substances were below 10% level of environmental emission standard (10 mg/m3).

All occurred waste organic solvents are burned by waste consignment treatment. Wastewater is treated chemically and biologically, and then it is discharged to wastewater treatment plant. Most of the substance that is used in industrial and consumer products as surfactant and ingredient in detergents will be disposed of by the sewerage system. Exposure of the environment may occur mainly via effluents of STP’s and application of sewage sludge in agriculture.

 

  

Environmental fate

 

The environmental fate assessment for Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) is based on US EPA’s Estimation Programs Interface (EPI) Suite. EPI Suite provides estimations of physical/chemical properties and environmental fate properties.

Based on the output of the model, Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) is highly unlikely to bioaccumulate in the environment or aquatic organisms (i.e. fish).

 This also supports that the chemical is soluble in water such that it will exhibit mobility through the soil. In addition, the low log Koc (3.8864) further supports the expected soil mobility. The model-calculated linear and non-linear biodegradation probabilities suggest that the linear carbon chain will biodegrade rapidly, whereas the benzene ring is not expected to biodegrade as rapidly. The extremely low vapor pressure along with the short half life of approximately3.957hours indicates that if this chemical is present in the soil, it is not likely to be volatile and is expected to degrade rapidly.

The output parameters from the EPI Suite model support that any potential impacts of this chemical is expected to be very short-lived. This is because it is not likely to persist in water or microbial soils and sediments. As a result, the environmental fate of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) is not likely to be of concern.

 

Hydrolysis will be not a significant factor in determining the environmental fate of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS).

Based on the results, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as a read across for Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) was hydrolytically stable (half life > 1 year) specified by the OECD Guidelines. Since the chemical is degradable less than 10% after 5 days in this test condition, it is presumably stable in water. (Hydrolytically stable).

 

 

Exposure Potential

 

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

 

This substance(Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate/Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt(CAS#26264-06-2))is from thegroup of linear and branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS/ABS) which includesthe followingsix chemicals:

1.Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, compd. with 2-propanamine (1:1)(CAS#26264-05-1)

2.Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, compd. with 2,2',2''-nitrilotris[ethanol](1:1)(CAS#27323-41-7)

3.Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt(CAS#26264-06-2)

4. Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, branched(CAS#68411-32-5)

5. Benzenesulfonic acid, mono-C11-13-branched alkyl derivs.(CAS#68608-88-8)

6. Benzenesulfonic acid, mono-C11-13-branched alkyl derivs., calcium salts(CAS#68953-96-8)

Linear (designated “LAS”) and non-linear or branched (designated “ABS”) alkylbenzene sulfonates are anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic (apolar) and a hydrophilic (polar) group. As a class of chemicals, they are generally mixtures of closely related isomers and homologues. Each molecule contains an aromatic ring sulfonated at theparaposition and attached to either a linear or a branched alkyl chain at any position except the terminal carbons. Chain lengths vary but are predominantly in the range of C10 to C14. Most commercial LAS/ABS products are mixtures but they can be prepared as pure homologues (e.g., a pure C12). The LAS/ABS chemicals are prepared by sulfonation of linear and non-linear alkylbenzenes. Linear structures of alkylbenzene (sulfonic acid derivatives) are based on the reaction of an alpha olefin (i.e., R-CH=CH₂) with benzene, in the presence of sulphuric acid (SO₃), with or without a catalyst. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or some other salt is used to neutralize.

In addition to the six chemicals, they are several chemicals that are very closely and that can be used to support the LAS/ABS category. These are the chemicals from category of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) and the chemicals from category of LAB sulfonic acids.Because of the close structural similarity betweenLAS/ABS category,LAS and the LAB sulfonic acids, data from them are included to provide supporting information for the category.

 

 The Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (CAS# 26264-06-2) are mixtures of C10 to C14 alkyl benzene sulfonic acids with average alkyl chain lengths of 11.3 to 12.6.

 

Dietary exposure to (LAS/ABS)respectively to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate can occur from its use in food contact sanitizing solutions as an active ingredient, and as an inert ingredient in food-use pesticide products applied to agricultural crops, and animals. There are no currently registered products used in residential settings where to (LAS/ABS) respectively to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate are considered to be an active ingredient.

However, to  (LAS/ABS) respectively to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate are used as an inert ingredient in pesticide products used inresidential settings, including hard surface and carpet cleaners, lawn products, and pet products.

Post application residential exposure can occur in children from hand-to-mouth incidental oral exposure from treated surfaces, and contacting pets treated with flea and tick products.

Occupational exposure to (LAS/ABS)respectively to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate can occur frommixing /loading /application activities in various use sites, including agricultural food handling, andcommercial/institutional/industrial premises.

 

Worker exposure is extremely limited and highly controlled through the use of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and use of closed production systems.

There is no consumer exposure to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate since it is not used in consumer products but aDietary exposure to Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonatecan occur from its use in food contactsanitizing solutions as an active ingredient, and as an inert ingredient in food-use pesticideproducts applied to agricultural crops, and animals. There are no currently registered products used in residential settings where Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is considered to be an active ingredient.

 

 

 

EFFECTS ON HUMANS

 Summary

 Human skin can tolerate contact with solutions of up to 1%Calciumdodecylbenzenesulfonate for 24 h with only mild irritation. Like other surfactants, can deliapidate the skin surface, elute natural moisturizing factor, denature the proteins of the outer epidermal layer, and increase permeability and swelling of the outer layer.Calciumdodecylbenzenesulfonatedo not induce skin sensitization in humans, and there is no conclusive evidence that they induce eczema. No serious injuries or fatalities have been reported following accidental ingestion of LAS-containing surfactant preparations.