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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Read across: CAS 115733-09-0, One-generation reproductive toxicity study, rats, NOAEL > 500 mg/kg bw
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Remarks:
- other: one generation reproduction toxicity study
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2003-2004
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to OECD guidelines to to GLP, and therefore meets the requirements for Klimisch code 1. However as this study is used in the context of a read across, Klimisch 2 is assigned.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 415
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS: Sprague-Dawley Crl: CD®(SD) IGS BR rats,
- Source: Charles River Laboratories
- Age at study initiation: (P) males 5 wks, females 7 weeks
Males approximately 7 weeks of age at initiation of treatment. Females approximately 8 weeks of age at initiation of treatment.
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 154-197 g; Females: 139-184 g
- Housing: Suspended wire cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 12 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18-26°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Air changes (per hr): 10-15 changes/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light/dark cycle - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Corn oil was added to the test substance to achieve the desired volume and then stirred for 30 minutes.
VEHICLE: Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Corn oil
The test article was administered orally via gastric intubation - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Analytical confirmation of concentration: Homogeneity, stability and weekly dose concentration confirmation.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- F0 males - 70 days premating; mating period through completion of parturition
F0 females - 14 days premating; mating; 25 days of gestation and 20 days of lactation. - Frequency of treatment:
- once daily
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested - Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
50 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested - Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
167 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested - Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
500 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 28 F0 rats/sex/group in control, low, mid and high dose
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: Based on results of a 28 day oral gavage study (according to OECD 407).
- Control and treatment groups: 28 F0 rats/sex/group in the control, low, mid and high dose groups.
- Mating: 1 male mated to 1 female from the same group until evidence of mating (presence of copulatory plug or sperm) was observed. If evidence of mating was not observed mating was discontinued after three weeks. - Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Parental animals:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Twice daily
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Weekly and daily for females during gestation
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Weekly and on the day on euthanasia for males. After evidence of mating, females were weighed on gestational days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and on lactation days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21.
Sperm parameters (Parental animals)
Parameters examined in P male parental generations:
testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm count in epididymides, enumeration of cauda epididymal sperm reserve, sperm motility, sperm morphology. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- gross necropsy on death, organ weights and microscopic examination on termination
SACRIFICE
- Male animals: All surviving animals after completion of female parturition.
- Maternal animals: All surviving animals that delivered on lactation day 21; females that failed to deliver were sacrificed on gestation day 25.
GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera. - Statistics:
- ANOVA for body weights, changes, food consumption semen parameters, organ weights.
Body weights, body weight changes, food consumption, semen parameters, organ weights, number of days to mating, gestation length, pup viability data, total pups delivered, pup body weights and mean live litter size were analysed by ANOVA followed, as needed, by Dunnett’s test. Count data were analysed by Chi-Square test followed by Fisher’s Exact Test for copulation and fertility indices, pup sex ratios, number of live and dead pups/group and pup survival. All analysis were two-tailed with a minimum significance level of 5%.. - Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- There were no remarkable findings in F0 males, with the exception of post dosing salivation.
In F0 females there were no remarkable findings with the exception of negative ammonium sulphide staining in two high dose and one mid dose animal. - Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- > 500 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No significant adverse effects occurred at 500 mg/kg bw (highest dose tested).
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Adverse effects did not occur in parental animals at doses up to 500 mg/kg bw/day, therefore a NOAEL of >500 mg/kg bw was identified with the help of this study.
- Executive summary:
In a key 1-generation reproduction study, the calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 115733-09-0) was administered in corn oil via oral gavage to 28 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex at dose levels of 0, 50, 167 and 500 mg/kg bw/day (Bjorn, 2004, according to OECD 415). All F0 males were dosed for 70 days prior to mating, mating (maximum 3 weeks) and through the completion of parturition. All F0 females were dosed for up to 70 days (14 days prior to mating, during mating and gestation, and through day 20 of lactation). The animals were observed twice daily for appearance and behaviour, and a detailed clinical observation was performed weekly and daily for females during gestation. Cage site observations were performed daily approximately 30 to 120 minutes post dosing. In addition, the bodyweights were determined weekly and on the day of euthanasia for males. Females were weighed after evidence of mating on gestational days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and on lactation days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21. Food consumption was recorded on the same days as body weights except during the mating period and during lactation. Animals were paired 1:1 for mating, after successful mating each pregnant female was caged individually. Positive evidence of mating was confirmed by the presence of sperm or a vaginal copulatory plug (day 0 of gestation). If evidence of mating was not present after three weeks, mating was discontinued. All of the surviving F0 females were allowed to deliver and rear their pups to lactation day 21.
Gross necropsies (consisting of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic and abdominal viscera) were performed on death, organ weights and microscopic examinations were performed on termination. The surviving F0 dams were necropsied on lactation day 21, following a minimum of 60 days of dosing. The surviving F0 males were necropsied at the conclusion of parturition following a minimum of 96 days of dosing. F0 females that failed to deliver were necropsied on post-mating day 25 (with evidence of mating) or 25 days following the termination of the mating period (with no evidence of mating). Organ weights were determined and microscopic examinations were conducted for all surviving control and high dose F0 animals. Tissues examined microscopically included the liver, kidney, brain, right epididymides, cervix, coagulation gland, ovaries, pituitary, prostrate, seminal vesicles, testes, uterus, vagina and gross lesions. F0 animals from all groups found dead or sacrificed early were subjected to a gross necropsy and the microscopic evaluation of all tissues. Sperm was collected from all surviving F0 males and evaluated for sperm count, concentration, motility and morphology assessment. The parameters examined in P males included: testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm count in epididymides, enumeration of cauda epididymal sperm reserve, sperm motility and sperm morphology.
No substance related effects occurred in treated animals, except for the observation of post dosing salivation and dark material around the nose in the mid and high dose groups in F0 males and the negative ammonium sulfide staining in two high dose and one mid dose F0-female. As no effects occurred at the highest dose, a NOAEL of > 500 mg/kg bw was identified.
Reference
Results of the homogeneity analysis indicate that the test article was homogeneous in the vehicle and stable for ten days when stored under ambient conditions. Concentration analysis confirmed that the test article was at the appropriate concentration in the dosing solutions.
Results
F0 Generation:
F0 males exhibited a dose related increase in post dosing salivation and dark material around the nose in the mid and high dose groups The remaining F0 male parameters were unremarkable including: mean body weight and food consumption, mating and fertility indicies, absolute and relative organ weights, sperm evaluation parameters and macro and microscopic pathology.
The clinical signs of the Fo females were generally unremarkable. There were no toxicologically meaningful differences between the control low, mid and high dose groups with respect to F0 female mean body weights, body weight change, food consumption, mating and fertility indicies, precoital intervals or gestation length. A macroscopic finding observed in two high dose and one mid female sacrificed on post mating day 25 was a finding of negative ammonium sulfide staining in animals that failed to deliver and were euthanized on gestation day 25.
No other remarkable findings were noted in the F0 females at necropsy and no meaningful microscopic lesions were observed in any of the treated F0 females.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- rat
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
In a key 1-generation reproduction study, the calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 115733-09-0) was administered in corn oil via oral gavage to 28 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex at dose levels of 0, 50, 167 and 500 mg/kg bw/day (Bjorn, 2004, according to OECD 415). All F0 males were dosed for 70 days prior to mating, mating (maximum 3 weeks) and through the completion of parturition. All F0 females were dosed for up to 70 days (14 days prior to mating, during mating and gestation, and through day 20 of lactation). The animals were observed twice daily for appearance and behaviour, and a detailed clinical observation was performed weekly and daily for females during gestation. Cage site observations were performed daily approximately 30 to 120 minutes post dosing. In addition, the bodyweights were determined weekly and on the day of euthanasia for males. Females were weighed after evidence of mating on gestational days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and on lactation days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21. Food consumption was recorded on the same days as body weights except during the mating period and during lactation. Animals were paired 1:1 for mating, after successful mating each pregnant female was caged individually. Positive evidence of mating was confirmed by the presence of sperm or a vaginal copulatory plug (day 0 of gestation). If evidence of mating was not present after three weeks, mating was discontinued. All of the surviving F0 females were allowed to deliver and rear their pups to lactation day 21.
Gross necropsies (consisting of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic and abdominal viscera) were performed on death, organ weights and microscopic examinations were performed on termination. The surviving F0 dams were necropsied on lactation day 21, following a minimum of 60 days of dosing. The surviving F0 males were necropsied at the conclusion of parturition following a minimum of 96 days of dosing. F0 females that failed to deliver were necropsied on post-mating day 25 (with evidence of mating) or 25 days following the termination of the mating period (with no evidence of mating). Organ weights were determined and microscopic examinations were conducted for all surviving control and high dose F0 animals. Tissues examined microscopically included the liver, kidney, brain, right epididymides, cervix, coagulation gland, ovaries, pituitary, prostrate, seminal vesicles, testes, uterus, vagina and gross lesions. F0 animals from all groups found dead or sacrificed early were subjected to a gross necropsy and the microscopic evaluation of all tissues. Sperm was collected from all surviving F0 males and evaluated for sperm count, concentration, motility and morphology assessment. The parameters examined in P males included: testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm count in epididymides, enumeration of cauda epididymal sperm reserve, sperm motility and sperm morphology.
No substance related effects occurred in treated animals, except for the observation of post dosing salivation and dark material around the nose in the mid and high dose groups in F0 males and the negative ammonium sulfide staining in two high dose and one mid dose F0-female. As no effects occurred at the highest dose, a NOAEL of > 500 mg/kg bw was identified.
In the 28 -day subacute toxicity supporting study the calcium sulfonate read across substance, (Analogue of CAS 70024-69-0), was administered via gavage to 12 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex/dose in the control and top dose groups and 6 animals Sprague-Dawley rats/sex/dose in the low and mid dose via gavage at dose levels of 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day (Wong, 1989, according to OECD 407). The control group received daily doses of peanut oil at 2.0 ml/kg, and treatment groups received the indicated dose of test material diluted in peanut oil at a dose volume of 2.0 ml/kg. The animals were treated 7 days/ week for 29 days duration with a 14 day recovery period in the control and high dose satellite recovery groups. Clinical observations were made daily. Viability checks were performed twice daily. Body weights were recorded twice weekly during treatment and weekly during recovery. Terminal body weights were recorded. Food consumption was recorded during treatment and recovery. Haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis parameters were evaluated at termination of treatment and recovery. Macroscopic examinations were performed on all animals. Selected organs were weighed. A range of tissues was examined microscopically.One animal was sacrificed on day 0 and one animal was found dead on day 9, probably a result of misdosing. Stained fur was observed in high dose animals, scabbed skin occurred in one control male and high dose female displayed sneezing and abnormal respiratory sounds. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean body weights or body weight gains. Male mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were significantly decreased compared with the controls at all dose levels. However, this was not considered to be biologically significant, as there was no dose response trend. A statistically significant increase in partial thromboplastin time was observed in mid and top dose males compared with controls. Prothrombin time was significantly increased in the mid and high dose females during the treatment period, and was significantly reduced in males in the recovery group. These were within normal limits and therefore not considered to be biologically significant. A statistically significant increase in the reticulocyte count was observed in treated males in the recovery group, however, was not considered to be biologically significant.
A statistically significant decrease in serum cholesterol was observed in high dose males and females and persisted in females into the recovery period. This was considered to be treatment related. Statistically significant increases were observed in alanine aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, sodium, phosphorus and triglycerides were observed as well as decreases in albumin and chloride. There was no dose related trend with these changes, therefore they are not considered to be treatment related. A statistically significant increase in specific gravity was observed in low dose males. Urine volume was significantly reduced in treated males in the recovery group. This was not considered to be biologically significant. No statistically significant differences were observed in organ weight, gross pathology or histopathology.
The LOAEL is 1000 mg/kg bw/day, based on a decrease in mean serum cholesterol in males and females at the top dose. Based on these findings, the NOAEL is determined to be 500 mg/kg bw/day.
In another supporting study in rats (28 -day subacute oral toxicity study), a calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 115733-09-0) was administered via gavage at doses of 0, 50, 150, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day to groups of 5 rats/sex/dose (Rush, 2003). This study was conducted in order to set the doses for the one generation reproductive toxicity study (Bjorn, 2004). Notable microscopic changes were limited to irritations of the nonglandular stomach at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in males and 125, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in females. The irritation effects in males and females resolved by the end of the recovery period except for one 500 mg/kg/day female, which had an ulcer with inflammation, hyperplasia, haemorrhage and oedema. In addition, non-toxicologically significant decreases in body weight gain, reduction in food consumption during certain weeks, and the described transient/reversible irritation of the nonglandular stomach were found. As the irritation effects resolved and there is no evidence of a dose-related effect on severity in females, the NOAEL for systemic toxicity is considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day which is above the limit for classification.
Repeated dermal toxicity on read across substances:
Testing by dermal route is not justified and therefore waived. The physicochemical and toxicological properties suggest low potential for significant rate of absorption through the skin (logPow >6.4, MW of ≥ 817.3 and ≤ 1111.87, low water solubility (1.69 mg/L at 20°C)). Furthermore the results of laboratory animal studies conducted with structural analogues show low acute dermal toxicity. LD50 values are reported to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bw for calcium sulfonate read across substances (Analogue of CAS 70024-69-0 and CAS 68783-96-0) in Sanitised, I. (1989) and Sanitised, L. (1993). In addition, a LD50 value greater than 4000 mg/kg bw for the calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 61789-86-4) is derived in Costello (1986) and a value greater than 5000 mg/kg bw for the calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 115733-09-0) is reported in Sanitised, B. (1981). In the one-generation study in rats via oral gavage, administration of the calcium sulfonate read across substance CAS 115733-09-0 does not exacerbate significant systemic toxicity effects which suggest bioavailability is low, thereby there is low toxicity potential (NOAEL of 500 mg/kg bw, the highest dose tested, Bjorn, 2004). Similar pattern of toxicity were noted in the 28-day oral repeated dose studies where NOAEL of 500 mg/kg bw and 1000 mg/kg bw were established for the calcium sulfonate read across substances, analogue of CAS 70024-69-0 and CAS 115733-09-0, respectively (Wong, 1989; Rush, 2003). Furthermore, no systemic effects or other evidence of absorption is observed in skin irritation studies conducted with the calcium sulfonate read across substance CAS 70024-69-0 (Kern, 1999 and Swan, 1972). The calcium sulfonate target substance (C15 -C36) is considered as not irritating to skin and eyes. This intrinsic property/toxicity potential can be extrapolated to repeated dermal route administration.
The waiving approach is supported by the weight of evidence data. The calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 68783-96-0) exhibited no evidence of systemic toxicity via the dermal route under the conditions of the study (Sanitised, K., 1995) when 5 Sprague Dawley CD rats/sex were exposed to the test item over a period of 28 days. A NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg was established for this study. Under the conditions of this study, dermal application of this test material resulted in no signs of overt systemic toxicity.
Another weight of evidence study (Laveglia, 1988) refers to the dermal applications of the calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 61789-86-4). The test item was applied to the skin of 5 male Sprague Dawley rats at a dose level of 1000 mg/kg for five days per week over a four week treatment period. The substance did not elicit related effect as determined by daily observations for physical changes and skin irritation and weekly determinations of body weights and food consumption. No treatment-related effects were noted at necropsy or microscopically.
Repeated inhalatory toxicity on read across substances:
According to Annex VIII testing by the inhalation route is justified if exposure of humans via inhalation is likely. In this case testing by the inhalation route is not justified since the test substance has low vapour pressure (0.01 Pa at 25 °C), so the potential for the generation of inhalable forms is low, also the use of this substance will not result in aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size, so exposure to humans via the inhalatory route will be unlikely to occur. For the hazard assessment purpose (DNEL derivation), a NOAEL from the one-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats (Bjorn, 2004), with application of an appropriate assessment factor, allows extrapolation towards repeated inhalation route administration.
In a weight of evidence study (Hoffmann, 1987), the calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 61789 -86 -4), where the product as manufactured in mineral oil was further diluted 65/35 in mineral oil, was administered to assess the toxic effects by inhalation of the test item as an aerosol to 30 rats (5/sex/group) for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks at target concentrations of 50, 150 and 250 milligrams aerosol per cubic meter of air (mg/m3). Control animals (5/sex) received air only, while in chamber. Exposure levels were monitored gravimetrically four times per chamber per day. Particle size distribution measurements were made once each week. Physical observations for abnormal signs were made during exposure for all animals. Detailed physical examinations were conducted weekly on all animals. Body weight measurements were recorded weekly and once during the pre test period. The cumulative mean analytical exposure concentrations as determined gravimetrically were 49.5, 156 and 260 mg/m3, with an average nominal concentration of 272, 1060 and 1360 mg/m3 for the low, mid and high dose groups, respectively. Particle size distribution determinations indicated the test aerosol atmosphere was respirable to the rat. All animals survived the duration of the study. Physical observations during the exposures included red nasal discharge, matted coat and decreased activity at the two higher levels. No significant respiratory signs were noted during the weekly observations. However, increased incidence of dried red nasal discharge and matted coat was seen among the treated animals. Body weight measurements indicated a trend towards lower weight gain, especially in the high level males. Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant. Haematology and clinical chemistry parameters were generally not indicative of any test-material effect. Terminal organ weight and organ body weight ratios were clearly indicative of a respiratory effect with significant dose related increases in lung weights and ratios at the mid and high levels. Other organ weights and ratios were unremarkable.
Gross post mortem evaluations were unremarkable as well. However, a higher incidence was seen microscopically in, the mid and high level lungs of accumulation of intraalveolar macrophages and hyperplasia/hypertrophy of bronchiole epithelium. Other microscopic findings were not considered test-article related. To sum it up, treatment-related changes at all dose levels occured. On this basis, a ‘No Observed Effect Level’ (NOEL) could not be established.
No classification for repeated dose effects is required as the effect is limited to a slight reduction of serum cholesterol, which is not toxicologically significant and not relevant to humans. The other effects observed at the 500 mg/kg/day dose level were not considered to be adverse.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity via oral route - systemic effects endpoint:
best study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
As the calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 115733 -09 -0) did not cause relevant significant toxicological effects after repeated oral exposure, the calcium sulfonate target substance (C15 -C36) is also not expected to cause significant toxicity. Therefore, the calcium sulfonate target substance (C15 -C36) does not meet the criteria for classification and will not require labelling, according to the European regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
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