3-phenylpropyl acetate

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from study report

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2015

Report date:

2015

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

In vitro mammalian cell gene mutation assay was performed for Methyl phenylacetate in the absence of S9 metabolic activation system

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

mammalian cell gene mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Methyl phenylacetate

EC Number:

202-940-9

EC Name:

Methyl phenylacetate

Cas Number:

101-41-7

Molecular formula:

C9H10O2

IUPAC Name:

methyl phenylacetate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material: Methyl phenylacetate- Molecular formula: C9H10O2- Molecular weight: 150.176 g/mol- Smiles notation:c1(CC(OC)=O)ccccc1- Substance type: Organic- Physical state: Colourless liquid

Method

Target gene:

Cells deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) due to the mutation HPRT+/- to HPRT-/- are resistant to cytotoxic effects of 6-thioguanine (TG). HPRT proficient cells are sensitive to TG (which causes inhibition of cellular metabolism and halts further cell division since HPRT enzyme activity is important for DNA synthesis), so mutant cells can proliferate in the presence of TG, while normal cells, containing hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase cannot. This in vitro test is an assay for the detection of forward gene mutations at the in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) locus on the X chromosomes of hypodiploid, modal No. 20, CHO cells. Gene and chromosome mutations are considered as an initial step in the carcinogenic process.The hypodiploid CHO cells are exposed to the test item with and without exogenous metabolic activation. Following an expression time the descendants of the treated cell population are monitored for the loss of functional HPRT enzyme. HPRT catalyses the transformation of the purine analogues 6-thioguanine (TG) rendering them cytotoxic to normal cells. Hence, cells with mutations in the HPRT gene cannot phosphoribosylate the analogue and survive treatment with TG.Therefore, mutated cells are able to proliferate in the presence of TG whereas the non-mutated cells die. However, the mutant phenotype requires a certain period of time before it is completely expressed. The phenotypic expression is achieved by allowing exponential growth of the cells for 7 days.

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

- Type and identity of media: Ham's F-12K (Kaighn's) Medium containing 2 mM L-Glutamine supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL).- Properly maintained: Yes- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: Not applicable- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: Not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

other: Hypodiploid, modal No. 20

Metabolic activation:

without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 liver microsomal fraction obtained from Arcolor 1254-induced male Sprague-Dawley rats (Supplier: Molecular Toxicology Inc. via Trinova Biochem GmbH, Giessen, Germany)

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mM

Vehicle / solvent:

Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: EthanolJustification for choice of solvent/ vehicle: Methyl phenylacetate was easily dissolved in ethanol.

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: In medium with pre-incubationPre-incubationOne week involving 3 days of incubation with Hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) in medium as a mutant cleansing stage, followed by overnight incubation with hypoxanthine-thymidine (HT) in medium prior to a 3-4 days incubation in regular cell medium. After seeding and prior to treatment, the mutant-free cells were incubated for an additional of 24 hours. Exposure duration3 hoursExpression time7 daysSelection time14 daysFixation time7 days (harvest of cells)SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays):6-thioguanine (TG)STAIN (for cytogenetic assays):Crystal violetNUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:A minimum of 2 replicates per dose concentration including negative and positive control.NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED:5 x 10 E5 cells were plated 7 days after treatment and whatever cells left, after 14 days of incubation with the selection medium, were evaluated.DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITYCytotoxicity testAfter being exposed to the test chemical for 3 hours, in the absence or presence of S9, cells were trypsinized and 0.5 x 10 E5 cells per well was seeded in duplicates from two parallel duplicate cultures into 6-well plates in fresh medium. The relative total growth and cytotoxicity was evaluated 24 and 48 hours after seeding.

Evaluation criteria:

The plates were scored for total number of colonies

Statistics:

No data available

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS- Effects of pH: No data- Effects of osmolality: No data- Evaporation from medium: No data- Water solubility: No data- Precipitation: No data- Other confounding effects: No dataRANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:Preliminary dose-finding/toxicity testCompleted without S9 metabolic activation. A range of test concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 5.0 mM) was applied 24 hours after seeding to single cultures in fresh medium in 96-well plates. The cell population (control and treated cells) were assessed 24 and 48 hours after treatment using the colorimetric assay MTT and the BCA assay to assess cell viability and total protein concentration, respectively. From the basis of these results, the test concentrations of the chemical was chosen to be included in the gene toxicity test. Since cytotoxicity was evident at the tested concentration in this preliminary dose-finding test further testing concentrations were adapted to have a maximum test concentration of 0.5 mM. Since the test chemical was dissolved in ethanol, higher concentrations of the test chemical than the concentration mentioned above would result in a toxic effect of ethanol. The test chemical could only be dissolved in 99.5% ethanol.COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: No dataADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY: No data

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):negative without metabolic activationMethyl phenylacetate in the concentration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mM did not show any evidence of gene toxicity when CHO cells were exposed to the test chemical.

Executive summary:

In a gene toxicity test, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were exposed to Methyl phenylacetate in the concentration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mM and without metabolic activation for 3 hours. The results showed that there was no evidence of cytotoxicity after treatment. Independently of tested Methyl phenylacetate concentration, the results showed no evidence of gene toxicity. Therefore, it is considered that Methyl phenylacetate in the concentration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mM does not cause genetic mutation(s) when CHO cells are exposed to the test chemical in the absence of metabolic activation.