Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 2% aromatics

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

March - November 1993

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This robust summary has a reliability rating of 1 because the study followed a standard guideline, followed GLP guidelines, and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

An equilibration study was conducted prior to the study to determine the length of time needed to develop water accommodated fractions (WAFs) at the 1000 mg/L loading level. The aqueous phase of the WAF was analyzed after 1, 24, 48, and 96 hours of stirring. In all samples, the quantity of test substance in solution was less than the limit of detection (0.5 mg/L). Further analysis of test substance in test media a loading level of 1 g/L also showed no detectable amounts of test substance. Consequently, analysis of treatment solutions from the definitive study were not conducted.

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trout Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of ten of the fish had a mean length of 4.6 cm and a mean weight of 0.97 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

242 to 340 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15 to 17 degrees C

pH:

6.7 to 7.0

Dissolved oxygen:

8.3 to 9.5 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 12L glass bottles. Ten fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Ten fish were added to the control and treatment solution. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and a LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the control or treatment solutions.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and a LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the control or treatment solutions.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

28 July 2014 to 15 August 2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Version / remarks:

1992

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Version / remarks:

2008

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 7346-1 (Determination of the Acute Lethal Toxicity of Substances to a Freshwater Fish [Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)] - Part 2: Semi-static method)

Version / remarks:

1996

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
Hygroscopic: Not indicated
Volatile: Not indicated
Specific Gravity / Density: <800 kg/m3 at 15 C
Stability in water: Not indicated
Solubility in water: Insoluble

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: all
- Sampling method: Approximately 50 ml from the approximate centre of the test vessels. The sample vessels were completely filled and closed airtight.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored in a refrigerator until analysis.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Preparation was performed in closed vessels with a tap. The headspace was reduced to a minimum. Individual loading rate of 100 mg/l was prepared. A 1-day period of magnetic stirring was applied. During the stirring period care was taken to prevent the formation of an emulsion. Therefore, the vortex was in all cases less than 10% of the height of the medium, preventing the test substance being pulled down and hitting the stirring bar. The vortex was similar in all vessels. At the end of the stirring a floating layer and droplets of the test substance suspended in the solution were observed in the vessels. After a 1-hour settlement period the aqueous WAFs were collected using a tap at the bottom of the vessel and used as test concentrations (a small volume of the WAF used to flush the tap was discarded). A macroscopic observation of the final test solutions revealed that they were all colorless and free of undissolved material.

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Carp
- Source: Zodiac, proefacc, "De Haar Vissen", Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands.
- Length at study initiation (mean and SD): 2.2 ± 0.2 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and SD): 0.26 ± 0.08 g
- Method of breeding: F1 from a single parent-pair bred in UV-treated water.
- Feeding during test: no

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Fish were hold in a holding tank with comparable water quality parameters and pH and temperature differences between test and holding tank media of less than 0.5 unit and 0.5°C. Therefore, no acclimation was needed.

QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: at least 12 days
- Health/mortality: less than 5% during the seven days prior to the start of the test

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

no

Hardness:

180 mg/l expressed as CaCO3

Test temperature:

22-23 C

pH:

7.2-7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

6.4-9.0

Salinity:

not measured

Nominal and measured concentrations:

control and a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/l

TOC-concentrations at the WAF prepared at 100 mg/l could not be reliably determined as they were below the LOD (~1 mg TOC/l) of the equipment.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 3.5 L
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: all glass, 3.3 L test solution
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7 (limit test);
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 0 - no vehicle control
- Biomass loading rate: 0.55 g fish/litre, i.e.7 fish per 3.3 litres of test medium

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: adjusted ISO medium

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96h LL50

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: A combined limit/range-finding test
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l, on the basis of this test a finial test was performed as a limit

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

pentachlorophenol

Duration:

3 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: mg/l loading rate Water-accommodated fraction

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: -

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: mg/l loading rate Water-accommodated fraction

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: -

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: mg/l loading rate Water-accommodated fraction

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: -

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: mg/l loading rate Water-accommodated fraction

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: -

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: mg/l loading rate Water-accommodated fraction

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: -

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Abnormal responses: none

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- LC50: 0.24 mg/l

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No LL50 could be determined because the test substance proved to be non-toxic (LL50 > maximum soluble concentration).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Measured acute (short-term) toxicity data are available for Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics (GTL Solvent GS215) to the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio (carp). The test was conducted under semi-static conditions (daily renewal of the test media) in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 203. Appropriate modifications to the test and media preparation procedures were made to take account of the test substance containing multiple constituents, having low solubility in water and being potentially volatile. No effects on mortality of C. carpio were observed after 96 hours exposure to the test medium prepared as a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) at a loading rate of 100 mg/l; 96-hour LL50 >100 mg/l, NOELR ≥100 mg/l. TOC concentrations were analysed in samples taken from the control and WAF prepared at 100 mg/l. In all cases the concentrations were below the limit of detection of the method (1.0 mg/l). The results of the test are considered to be reliable.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

The registration substance Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics (target) and the test substances Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics (source) and Hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics (source) are all hydrocarbons with some constituents in common. The substances therefore have qualitatively similar properties (RAAF Scenario 2 applies).

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: mg/l loading rate Water-accommodated fraction

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Description of key information

There are no short-term data for the registered substance available. However, there are short-term data available for substances with similar carbon ranges. This data are read-across from two source substances (GS 215 and D70) to Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics <2% aromatics (D90).

Water accommodated fractions of Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics (GS215) produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >100 mg/L with Cyprinus carpio. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment test systems.

Water accommodated fractions of Hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics (D70) , produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment test systems. These data are used as read-across data to hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics (D90).

Additional information

No measured fish acute toxicity data are available for the registration substance. However, reliable data are available for closely related substances.

Measured acute (short-term) toxicity data are available for Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics (GTL Solvent GS215) to the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio (carp) (Tobor-Kaplon, 2014). The test was conducted under semi-static conditions (daily renewal of the test media) in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 203. Appropriate modifications to the test and media preparation procedures were made to take account of the test substance containing multiple constituents, having low solubility in water and being potentially volatile. No effects on mortality of C. carpio were observed after 96 hours exposure to the test medium prepared as a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) at a loading rate of 100 mg/l; 96-hour LL50 >100 mg/l, NOELR ≥100 mg/l. TOC concentrations were analysed in samples taken from the control and WAF prepared at 100 mg/l. In all cases the concentrations were below the limit of detection of the method (1.0 mg/l). The results of the test are considered to be reliable.

Water accommodated fractions of hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics, produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment test systems.

These data are used as read-across data to hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics.