Reaction mass of disodium carbonate and disodium sulfate and sodium chloride

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1985

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study was non GLP, but followed ASTM guidelines. The report provided detailed information for a clear interpretation of the results.

Justification for type of information:

See attached document

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ASTM E729

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Water samples were collected at the median depth of the water column of each test chamber

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Details on test organisms:

Bluegill sunfish were provided by the Frankfort National Fish Hatchery, Frankfort, KY. Fishes were acclimated in ASTM water for at least 2 weeks, and feeding (brine shrimp twice daily) was withheld 24 hours prior to testing.

Weight of blugill used in the acute toxicity test was 0.260 g. The standard error was 0.018g.

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

Mean = 101.7 mg CaCO3/L
Standard Deviation = 7.6 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

Mean = 21.7 degrees C
Standard deviation = 0.1 degrees C

pH:

Mean = 7.58
Standard Deviation = 0.15

Dissolved oxygen:

Mean = 7.1 mg/L
Standard deviation = 0.3 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations = Control, 4.8, 5.4, 6.0, 6.6, 7.2 g/L
Measured concentrations = <0.006 (Control), 4.86, 5.52, 6.09, 6.80, and 7.20 g/L

Details on test conditions:

Sodium chloride was administered under continuous flow conditions using 8-L Pyrex exposure chambers (each containing 20 organisms). Control water and test water with specified exposure concentrations of toxicant was pumped through the exposure chambers at a rate (30 mL/min) allowing the test medium to be renewed over 5 times a day. The inlet of the exposure chamber was positioned 5 cm above the bottom of the container and the outlet, situated on the opposite side, was approximately 3 cm below the top. Peristaltic pumps (Cole-Palmer Masterflex Model 7553-10) connected to 20-L Nalgene reservoirs were used to maintain the continuous-flow system. The tests were performed in duplicate, using at exponential series of at least 5 exposure cocentrations and controls. Feeding was withheld over the 4-day exposure period.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

5 840 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 5560 - 6080 mg/L

Details on results:

96 hour percent survival in the control, 4.8, 5.4, 6.0, 6.6, and 7.2 g/L treatment groups were 95, 80, 58, 45, 20, and 5%, respectively.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The 96 hour LC50 for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to NaCl in a continuous flow-through system was 5840 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The 96 hour LC50 for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to NaCl in a continuous flow-through system was 5840 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well documented publication (however results of all test concentrations not given and no analysis of test solutions).Taken from SIDS on sodium carbonate (2002) where a similar reliability was assigned.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: Recommendations of the Committee on Research, Submcomitttee on Toxicity, Section III, Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Associations were followed.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Details on test organisms:

- Strain: common blue gill, Lepomis macrochirus Raf - Wild caught: From various sources, private fish hatchery in Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Fish Commission.
- Age/size/weight/loading: three different sizes tested; small, 3.88 cm and 0.96 grams (average); medium, 6.09 cm and 2.80 grams (average); large, 14.24 cm and 54.26 grams (average).
- Feeding: daily with chopped, freshly cooked shrimp.
- Pretreatment: seven days acclimatisation to test conditions.
- Feeding during test: No feeding during the test.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

no

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Concentrations: Not reported.
- Dosing rate: Not reported.
- Exposure vessel type: 5 gallon glass jars with cork stoppers immersed in a constant temperature water bath.
- Number of replicates, fish per replicate: 5 to 10 fish in each jar, depending on fish size.
- Test temperature: 19-21 C
- Dissolved oxygen: 5-9 ppm
- pH: measured but not further described.
- Adjustment of pH: Not reported.
- Intensity of irradiation: Not reported.
- Photoperiod: Not reported.

TEST PARAMETER: Death = cessation of gill movement and lack of response to a mechanical stimulus for a period of 5 minutes.

SAMPLING: Not reported.

MONITORING OF TEST SUBSTANCE CONCENTRATION: Not reported.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

300 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

RESULTS: EXPOSED
- Nominal/measured concentrations: No measured
concentrations reported.
- Concentration / response curve: Not reported.
- Effect concentration vs. test substance solubility: Not
reported.
- Other effects: not reported.
RESULTS: CONTROL
- Number/percentage of animals showing adverse effects: A
control aquarium was always maintained with 10 fishes.
Nothing further reported.
RESULTS: TEST WITH REFERENCE SUBSTANCE
- Not reported.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Based on the LC50 96h on fish, sodium carbonate is not harmful to fish.

Executive summary:

Based on the study following the recommendations of the Committee on Research, Subcomitttee on Toxicity, Section III, Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Associations, the LC50 96h is equal to 300 mg/L (Lepomis macrochirus). Based on this value sodium carbonate is not harmful to fish.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

no specified

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Not conducted to GLP and lacking analysis certificate for test chemical. Standard EPA procedures were followed and chemical analysis was conducted. Iuclid 4 rationale: Test performed according to standardized EPA guideline for testing of effluents, with determination of test concentrations. Test parameters pH and oxygen measured but not all reported. No information about survival in controls. Replicate test performance.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Toxicity tests followed the general guidance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) this test was based on EPA/600/4-90/027 (1991)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on test solutions:

96-hours static test in reconstituted water. 

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

All organisms used in testing were obtained from in-house cultures (ENSR, Fort Collins, CO. USA);Fathead minnow brood stock were
cultured at 20 to 25°C in tap water that was pretreated with activated carhon. Eggs and larva were held in MHRW; larva were fed brine shrimp naupli
(Artemia) twice daily until they were used in testing.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

-

Hardness:

Moderately Hard Reconstituted Water. (MHRW)

Test temperature:

fathead minnows were tested at 25°C

pH:

Measured pH varied according to the components of the solution but was generally between pH 7.5 and 9.0

Dissolved oxygen:

DO was measured with a Yellow Springs instrument model 54 DO meter.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

All ion concentrations measured in the stock solutions were compared to nominal values. If the measured concentrations differed from the nominal
value by more than 20% the actual measured concentrations were substituted for the nominal concentratlons. The actual concentrations tested were not individually reported.

Details on test conditions:

For fathead minnow tests, 100 µl of concentrated brine shrimp nauplii was added after 48 h of exposure. Though solutions were not subsequently
renewed as recommended by the USEPA. Analysis confirmed however that the substance concentrations remained stable.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

NaCl

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

7 960 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 8 080 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 7 960 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Additional observations were not reported as this paper is a composition of many test results for different test chemicals. However it can be
concluded from these results that sodium sulphate is non toxic to fish.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

During the tests that were conducted reference tests with NaCl were conducted to account for any drift in sensitivity that may have occured

Reported statistics and error estimates:

LC50 concentrations were also calculated using a computer program following the trimmed Spearman-Karber method.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Study conducted to EPA guidelines, with analysis. Although lacking detail expected of a substance specific report this study can be considered reliable with restrictions. Sodium sulfate can be considered not to be toxic to fish.

Executive summary:

Although lacking detailed descriptions of methods, GLP accreditation and analysis certificates, EPA guidelines were followed article was published in setac press and chemical analysis was conducted. Can be considered reliable with restrictions. Since the LC50 (96h) is 7960 mg/L based on this study sodium sulfate is not harmful to fish.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

See Read-across justification attached.
Data on the reaction mass itself are not available. Therefore data on the three components are used. Based on the available studies, the LC50 (96h) for the three components are far higher than 100 mg/L. The lowest LC50 is for Sodium Carbonate. Therefore only the LC50 for Sodium Carbonate is reported and retained as a worst case.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

300 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Description of key information

No experimental data are available that assess the toxicity of the reaction mass of disodium carbonate and disodium sulphate and sodium chloride to algae and cyanobacteria

The LC50 of the reaction mass was defined based on a worst case (i.e. the lowest LC50 of the two constituents was selected to reflect the LC50 of the reaction mass). Accordingly, the EL50 for algae and cyanobacteria of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is 300 mg/L (based on the LC50 of sodium carbonate).