1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(3-chloropropyl)piperazine

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed publication

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Salmonella Mutagenicity Tests: II. Results From The Testing Of 270 Chemicals

Author:

Mortelmans,K, Haworth,S, Lawlor,T, Speck,W, Tainer,B And Zeiger,E

Year:

1986

Bibliographic source:

Environ. Mutagen. 8(Suppl. 7):1 -119, 1986

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Gene mutation toxicity study was performed for Chlorpheniramine maleate to evaluate its mutagenic nature

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine but-2-enedioate

Cas Number:

113-92-8

Molecular formula:

C16H19ClN2C4H4O4

IUPAC Name:

3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine but-2-enedioate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material: Chlorpheniramine maleate
- Molecular formula: C16H19ClN2C4H4O4
- Molecular weight: 390.8647 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material: Chlorpheniramine maleate
- IUPAC name: 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine but-2-enedioate
- Molecular formula: C16H19ClN2C4H4O4
- Molecular weight: 390.8647 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: No data
- Purity: No data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data

Method

Target gene:

Histidine

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Cytokinesis block (if used):

No data

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male Syrian hamsters were routinely used for the S9 preparation of the liver fractions

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

0, 333, 666, 1000, 1666 or 3333 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test chemical was soluble in water

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

not specified

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Water

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

sodium azide

other: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98; -S9), 2-aminoanthracene (all strains, +S9)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 mins
- Exposure duration: 48 hr
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 48 hr
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): No data
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): No data

SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): No data
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): No data
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): No data

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: At least five dose levels of the chemicals were tested, with three plates per dose level.

NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: No data

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index; cloning efficiency; relative total growth; other: No data

OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: No data
- Determination of endoreplication: No data
- Other: No data

OTHER: No data

Rationale for test conditions:

No data

Evaluation criteria:

1) mutagenic response: a dose-related, reproducible increase in the number of revertants over background, even if the increase was less than twofold;
2) nomutagenic response: when no increase in the number of revertants was elicited by the chemical;
3) questionable response: when there was an absence of a clear-cut dose-related increase in revertants; when the dose-related increases in the number of revertants were not reproducible;
or when the response was of insufficient magnitude to support a determination of mutagenicity

Statistics:

Mean and Standard error of mean

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: No data
- Effects of osmolality: No data
- Evaporation from medium: No data
- Water solubility: No data
- Precipitation: No data
- Other confounding effects: No data

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The chemical was initially tested with strain TA100 in the presence and the absence of the metabolic activation systems, over a wide dose range with an upper limit of 10 mg/plate, or less when solubility problems were encountered. Toxicity was evidenced by one or more of the following phenomena: appearance of his+ pinpoint colonies, reduced numbers of revertant colonies per plate, or thinning or absence of the bacterial lawn. Nontoxic chemicals were tested in the initial experiment up to the 10 mg/plate dose level, or to a level determined by their solubility. Toxic chemicals were tested up to a high dose which exhibited some degree of toxicity.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: No data

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table: Mutation data for the test chemical Chlorpheniramine maleate

Dose (µg/plate)	TA100
	NA		10% HLI		10% RLI
	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM
0	115	5.0	129	3.8	143	6.3
333	138	28.4	119	13.9	120	12.1
666	121	2.7	121	12.4	127	13.5
1000	106	3.0	114	12.9	127	4.0
1666	96	4.5	110	13.1	120	10.0
3333	0s	0.0	75s	2.8	98s	8.4
Positive control	242	6.2	775	83.4	441	3.7

 

Dose (µg/plate)	TA1535
	NA		10% HLI		10% RLI
	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM
0	9	1.3	7	0.7	7	0.4
333	10	0.9	5	1.5	9	4.6
666	10	1.5	6	1.7	9	2.9
1000	8	2.0	7	2.3	5	0.7
1666	7	2.6	5	0.6	6	0.5
3333	1s	0.7	4	0.3	2s	0.3
Positive control	164	6.7	267	6.6	103	1.5

 

Dose (µg/plate)	TA1537
	NA		10% HLI		10% RLI
	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM
0	6	0.6	3	0.3	6	0.9
333	3	0.7	5	1.5	8	1.0
666	3	0.9	7	0.6	7	0.9
1000	4	0.6	5	1.5	6	1.5
1666	5	1.2	5	2.1	7	1.5
3333	1s	0.0	6	1.2	2s	0.9
Positive control	283	53.3	341	3.0	96	8.3

 

Dose (µg/plate)	TA98
	NA		10% HLI		10% RLI
	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM
0	14	0.7	18	1.2	28	1.8
333	13	0.6	25	4.2	29	4.6
666	13	1.8	24	3.2	27	1.2
1000	19	2.6	26	4.3	26	3.5
1666	15	0.9	26	1.9	24	1.5
3333	0s	0.0	24	3.5	14s	1.2
Positive control	354	21.2	608	27.5	344	19.7

 

S: slight clearing of background lawn

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Chlorpheniramine maleate did not induce mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA98 both in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.

Executive summary:

Gene mutation toxicity study was performed for Chlorpheniramine maleate to evaluate its mutagenic nature. The study was performed as per the preincubation protocol using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA98 both in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system at doses of 0, 333, 666, 1000, 1666 or 3333µg/plate. DMSO was used at the vehicle. The plates were incubated for 48 hrs after 20 mins preincubation before the evaluation of the revertant colonies could be made. Chlorpheniramine maleate did notinduce mutation in theSalmonella typhimurium strain TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA98 both in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.