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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:
long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP-status not known, guideline not known, acceptable with restrictions, limitations in design and/or reporting, but otherwise adequate for assessment, published in peer-reviewed literature

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Effects of Various Metals on Survival, Growth, Reproduction, and Metabolism of Daphnia magna
Author:
Biesinger KE, Christensen GM
Year:
1972
Bibliographic source:
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29: 1691-1700

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
A standard guideline was not followed, but the study is well documented and the method used is considered to be acceptable.
GLP compliance:
not specified

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Hexachloroplatinic acid
EC Number:
241-010-7
EC Name:
Hexachloroplatinic acid
Cas Number:
16941-12-1
Molecular formula:
Cl6Pt.2H
IUPAC Name:
Hexachloroplatinic acid

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:
no

Test solutions

Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Fresh stock solutions were prepared in lake water.
- Controls: unfiltered lake water

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Source: University of Michigan
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): not reported
- Age of tested organisms: 12 ± 12 hours old
- Feeding during test
- Food type: suspension of food prepared by mixing 0.5 g of powdered dried grass and 10 g of enriched trout-fry granules to 250 mL of Lake Superior water. Additionally, daphnids obtained some nutrients from bacteria, algae and detritus in the water.
- Amount: 1 mL/L
- Frequency: once weekly during testing

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not reported
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): not reported
- Type and amount of food: suspension of food prepared by mixing 0.5 g of powdered dried grass and 10 g of enriched trout-fry granules to 250 mL of Lake Superior water.
- Feeding frequency: twice weekly
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): not reported

Study design

Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d

Test conditions

Hardness:
45300 μg/L (mean)
Dissolved oxygen:
In general, near saturation at all times.
At dawn: approximately 9 mg/L
Late in the day: sometimes slightly exceeded saturation because of photosynthesis by algae in the test medium
Nominal and measured concentrations:
12 concentrations tested - values not specified.
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250-mL beakers containing 200 mL of water and covered with a pane of glass
- Aeration: not reported
- Renewal of test solution: at the beginning of each week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: unfiltered water of Lake Superior
- Total Hardness: 45300 μg/L (mean)
- Metals: Mean values: chloride 1217 μg/L, sodium 1130 μg/L, calcium 13695 μg/L, magnesium 3123 μg/L, potassium 534 μg/L, strontium 16 μg/L, barium 14 μg/L, iron 23 μg/L, zinc 0.78 μg/L, nickel < 0.5 μg/L, copper 1.51 μg/L, cobalt < 0.5 μg/L, mercury < 0.01 μg/L, cadmium < 0.1 μg/L. Range of values: manganese 0.2 - 11.5 μg/L, chromium 2 - 20 μg/L, aluminum 1 - 26 μg/L, lead 7 - 20 μg/L
- Alkalinity: 42300 μg/L (mean)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: measurement of pH was made when the medium was added and 1 week later when the medium and test item were replaced by fresh solutions. Analytical measurements were made for Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cd at the time of addition of test medium and 1 week later. Chemical characteristics of Lake Superior Water were monitored using atomic absorption spectroscopy.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: not reported
- Light intensity: approximately 115 footcandles at air-water interface

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Survival of the animals was noted after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks the surviving organisms were weighed and prepared for protein and gluatamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) analyses. Reproduction was assessed by counting the young produced each week. The young Daphnids were also counted and discarded at each test medium renewal and at the end of the test.



Reference substance (positive control):
not specified

Results and discussion

Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
other: EC16
Effect conc.:
14 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
not specified
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
Pt
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Key result
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
7 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
estimated
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
Pt
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Remarks on result:
other: Determined as EC16/2
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
520 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
not specified
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
Pt
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: 95% Confidence Limits: 437 - 619 μg/L
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
82 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
not specified
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
Pt
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Details on results:
- A mean percentage deviation decrease from control means of 12, 13 and 20 % were measured at 62 μg Pt/L for weight of animals, total protein content and GOT activity of Daphnia magna, respectively, after 3 weeks of wexposure to the test item.
- The 16 % reproductive-impairment concentration was given since it represented a minimal reproducible value below which the variability in reproduction could not be detected from controls.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Results were statistically evaluated with the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) for establishing approximations of the 95 % confidence limits for survival. Reproductive effects were analysed in a similar manner excluding confidence limits.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
The 21-day LC50 of hexachloroplatinic acid for Daphnia magna was determined to be 520 μg Pt/L (1092 μg test item/L). The 21-day EC50 and EC16 of hexachloroplatinic acid for the reproduction-impairment to Daphnia magna were determined to be 82 μg Pt/L (172.26 μg test item/L), and 14 μg Pt/L (29.35 μg test item/L), respectively. The NOEC was estimated to be 7.0 μg Pt/L (14.70 μg test item/L), given by the ratio of EC16/2.
Executive summary:

The chronic toxicity of hexachloroplatinic acid to Daphnia magna was assessed in the publication by Biesinger and Christensen (1972), where the effects of various metals on survival, growth, reproduction and metabolism of Daphnia magna were investigated. The study is acceptable with restrictions, although the guideline and the GLP-status are both unknown.

A semi-static test of 21 days was conducted. Twelve concentrations of the test item were tested. The 21-day LC50 of hexachloroplatinic acid for Daphnia magna was determined to be 520 μg Pt/L (1092 μg test item/L). The 21-day EC50 and EC16 of hexachloroplatinic acid for the reproduction-impairment to Daphnia magna were determined to be 82 μg Pt/L (172.26 μg test item/L), and 14 μg Pt/L (29.35 μg test item/L), respectively. The NOEC was estimated to be 7.0 μg Pt/L (14.70 μg test item/L), given by the ratio of EC16/2.