Registration Dossier

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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Oral: NOAEL (10 day) <2ml/kg (1880mg/kg)
Inhalation: NOAEC (28 day) >7.2mg/l. NOAEC (90 day extrapolated from surrogate)=1.8mg/l
Dermal: NOAEC(90 day extrapolated from surrogate) = 2920mg/kg

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
Remarks:
other: 90-day repeated dose
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
1986
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Comparable to a guideline study.
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no
Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Animals were uniquely identified by numbers tattooed into the ears. In addition, ear punching identified animals with numbers in excess of 99.

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River UK Ltd.
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 6-7 weeks old when received on 27 March. The first exposures occurred on 8 April.
Group mean body weight at initiation of exposures:
Males – 243 to 248 g
Females – 180 to 186 g
- Housing: Except during exposures, the rats were kept, 5 of the same sex per cage, in suspended polypropylene holding cages with stainless steel mesh tops and floors. Plastic trays, lined with absorbent paper were placed below the cages. The paper was changed daily. Clean cages were introduced at intervals throughout the study.
The rats were kept in a single room and once exposures began, the cages for rats in each group were positioned on individual cage batteries. These were kept in isolated ventilated areas within the same room to avoid the possibility of inhalation of the test material from the fur of rats in other groups.
- Diet: While in their cages, rats had access to a weighed quantity of a standard quality controlled laboratory rat food (Labsure LAD 1).
- Water: Tap water was available from polypropylene bottles at all times when the rats were in the cages. Water bottles were rinsed and refilled daily, and thoroughly cleaned at intervals during the study.
- Acclimation period: 11 days.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: Holding room: 18 – 26 degrees C
- Humidity: Holding room: 36 – 64 % relative humidity
- Photoperiod: Lighting was controlled to give 12 hours light (0800 – 2000) and 12 hours dark during each 24 hours.

IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:
Fist exposure – 8 April 1985
Final necropsy – 5 August 1985
Route of administration:
inhalation: vapour
Type of inhalation exposure:
whole body
Vehicle:
other: unchanged (no vehicle)
Remarks on MMAD:
MMAD / GSD: Weekly counts of the number of particles in a 1 minute sample of chamber atmospheres were estimated using an optical particle monitor. Particles found were all less than 5 um in diameter. As the chamber concentrations were well below the saturated vapour concentrations it was considered unlikely that these particles were droplets of test material.
Details on inhalation exposure:
GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: The vapour was produced by metering the liquid to a stainless steel concentric jet atomizer and passing the aerosol into a glass column in which it evaporated. To facilitate vaporisation, at the high dose air to the atomizer was passed through a water bath maintained at 75 degrees C. The vapour passed through the vertical glass column into the chamber inlet duct.The exposure chambers were constructed from stainless steel and glass and were approximately 500 liters internal volume. The chambers were of square cross section and fitted with a squat pyramidal base and top. An H-shaped extraction plenum was fitted in the base of the chambers.
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: During exposures the rats were housed in stainless steel wire mesh cages, which were supported on two mesh shelves. The position of male and female animals were alternated on these shelves each day
- Source and rate of air: Dry, oil-free, compressed air was passed to the annulus of the atomizer tip at a pressure of 40-50 psi. This produced a flow to the atomizer tip of approximately 10 liters per minute.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: Air temperature, relative humidity and air pressure in each exposure chamber were monitored continuously and recorded at approximately 30 minute (pressure) or hourly intervals (temp, humidity) throughout each exposure.
Chamber temperatures during exposure were similar for all groups.
Relative humidity tended to be higher in the high dose chamber.
- Air flow rate: Total volume flow to the exposure chambers was 90 litres per minute. The airflow into each chamber was monitored continuously using tapered-tube flowmeters and was recorded at approximately hourly intervals throughout each exposure.
-Treatment of air: The chamber atmosphere was extracted by means of individual air handling units fitted with filters. The extract flow was adjusted by means of a gate valve so as to maintain the chamber pressure approximately 3 mm of water below that of the surrounding room.

TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: After 6 hours exposure, the syringe pumps were switched off. The volume of test material remaining in each syringe and any ‘run-off’ from the glass column was recorded and the volume used during the exposure calculated.
In addition, the concentration of ethoxypropanol present in the exposure chambers was determined at hourly intervals during each exposure. Samples of the test atmosphere were withdrawn through a gas absorption tube and the amount of ethoxypropanol in these samples determined by thermal desorption methods.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
Sampling was performed to determine the spatial distribution of ethoxypropanol within the chambers. Results indicated that distribution of the test substance in the exposure chamber was adequately uniform.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Duration of treatment / exposure:
6 hours per day for 13 weeks. Exposures were shortened on days during which urine and blood samples were taken (Week 1 and Week 12).

Ten male and ten female rats from the control and high dose groups were maintained for 4 weeks, without exposure, following termination of exposures.
Frequency of treatment:
5 days each week
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.425, 1.275, 8.5 mg/l
Basis:
other: target concentration
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.624, 1.658, 11.19 mg/l
Basis:
nominal conc.
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.426, 1.266, 8.36 mg/l
Basis:
analytical conc.
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Controls and high dose groups: 25 males and 25 females Low and mid dose groups: 15 males and 15 females
Control animals:
yes, sham-exposed
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: Approximately equal group mean body weights at study initiation.
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 4 weeks

Group Mean Conc of Ethoyxpropanol Vapour (mg/l)
Target Measured Nominal

1 (control) 0
2 (low) 0.425 (100 ppm) 0.426 0.614
3 (mid) 1.275 (300 ppm) 1.266 1.658
4 (high) 8.5 (2000 ppm) 8.36 11.19
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: At least twice daily and during exposure.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Weekly

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Initially for allocation to exposure groups, 1 week prior to start of exposures, on the first day of exposure, at weekly intervals thereafter, and at study termination.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Other: The quantity of food consumed by each cage of 5 rats was recorded commencing 1 week before the start of exposures and weekly thereafter.

WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Other: The quantity of water consumed by each cage of rats was recorded daily commencing one week before the start of exposures and weekly thereafter.

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Once pre-exposure and during Week 12.
- Dose groups that were examined: All animals

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Prior to exposure and during Weeks 1 and 12
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: 5 males and 5 females per group: pre-exposure and Week 1
10 males and 10 females per group: Week 12
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined: Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), red cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total white cell count (WBC total) and differential count (Diff), platelet count (Plts), thrombotest (TT), reticulocyte count (Retic).

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Prior to exposure and during Weeks 1 and 12
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals:
5 males and 5 females per group: pre-exposure and Week 1
10 males and 10 females per group: Week 12
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined: Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ration (A/G), urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (AP), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), total bilirubin, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), cholesterol (Chol).

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: Prior to exposure and during Weeks 1 and 12
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined: Volume, colour, pH, osmolality, protein, total reducing substances, glucose, ketones, bile pigments, urobilinogen, haem pigments, microscopy.

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
-The macroscopic appearance of all tissues was noted.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
-H&E sections were examined as follows: All tissues from ten male and ten female rats from the control and high dose groups sacrificed at the end of exposure.

The following tissues were preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin (except eyes which were preserved in Davidson's fixative) and examined:
-Nasal passage, tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs & bronchi, heart, aorta, oesophagus, stomach (glandular and non-glandular), duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon, rectum, kidneys, urinary bladder, testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle, prostate, ovaries, uterus, liver, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, thymus, thyroids, adrenals, lymph nodes(tracheaobronchial, cervical, axillary), brain(sections of medulla/pons, cerebellar cortex and cerebral cortex), pituitary, eyes, sciatic nerve, sternum(for bone marrow), spinal cord, muscle(thigh), skin, mammary gland, femur, remaining head, all gross lesions.

All tissues observed to be macroscopically abnormal.
Lungs of all control and high dose rats in the withdrawal phase.
Lungs of 10 male and 10 female low- and mid-dose rats sacrificed at the end of exposure.
Other examinations:
The following organs were dissected free and weighed from each animal: adrenals, kidneys, liver, brain, spleen, lungs, thymus, testes, heart, pituitary.
Statistics:
The following statistical tests were used to analyze bodyweight, food and water consumption, organ weight and clinical pathology data: Bartlett’s test for heterogeneity of variance between treatments; followed by a one-way analysis of variance (no significant heterogeneity or satisfactory transformation identified) and Student’s ‘t’ test and Williams’ test; or the Kruskel-Wallis analysis of ranks (significant heterogeneity that could not be removed by a transformation) and non-parametric equivalents of the ‘t’ test and Williams’ test.
Food and water consumption was analyzed on a cage basis
Where appropriate, analysis of covariance was used in place of analyses of variance.
Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Ophthalmological findings:
no effects observed
Haematological findings:
no effects observed
Clinical biochemistry findings:
no effects observed
Urinalysis findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
no effects observed
Details on results:
CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
One female rat in the mid-dose group was found dead during Week 5. Clinical signs indicative of an irritation were observed in the high dose animals only. A reduced ‘startle response’ was also noted in the high dose animals during exposure.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
No treatment-related effects were seen.

FOOD CONSUMPTION
Minimal increases in food intake was noted for male rats in the mid- and high-dose groups.

WATER CONSUMPTION
Minimal increases in the amount of water consumed were noted in the high dose animals.

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
No treatment-related defects were seen.

HAEMATOLOGY
No treatment-related effects were seen.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
Increased OCT values were seen in three high-dose male rats during Week 1 compared to control values. Only one of these values was above the laboratory’s upper normal limit, and the group mean was within the normal range.

URINALYSIS
Increases in urine volume were noted for high dose animals during Weeks 1 and 12, and for mid-dose animals during Week 12. Decreased urine pH was noted in high-dose male rats during Weeks 1 and 12. These findings were not accompanies by serum changes or microscopic pathology indicative of a toxic effect.

NEUROBEHAVIOUR
Reduced startle response.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
There was evidence of a slight increase in liver weights in the high dose female rats. This is consistent with liver enlargement reported in previous studies of ethoxypropanol.

GROSS PATHOLOGY
An increased incidence of pale foci in the lungs was noted in mid- and high-dose animals at the end of the exposure period, as well as in high dose animals retained through the recovery period.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
Slightly increased incidence of focal, minimal macrophage aggregation in high dose animals only. This finding is regarded as a normal physiological response to inhaled particles and was also seen among control animals. It is therefore not considered to be toxicologically significant.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Effect level:
>= 1.266 mg/L air (analytical)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: overall effects clinical signs; organ weights
Critical effects observed:
not specified
Conclusions:
90-day inhalation NOAEC in rats is equal to or greater than 1.266 mg/l.
Executive summary:

In a guideline and GLP 90-day whole-body inhalation study in rats, exposure to ethoxypropanol vapour (the in vivo hydrolysis product of ethoxypropyl acetate) at a concentrations of up to 8.36 mg/l for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks resulted in clinical signs indicative of irritant properties, and reduced ‘startle response’ during exposure. Increases in liver weight were also noted in female rats exposed at the 8.36 mg/l exposure level.  Animals exposed at concentrations of 1.266 or 0.426 mg/l did not exhibit any evidence of adverse effects (clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, opthalmoscopy, haematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross or microscopic pathology).  On the basis of these findings 1.266 mg/l is considered to be a subchronic NOAEC for ethoxypropanol vapour under the conditions of this study. On a molar basis, this would be equivalent to a dose of 1.812mg/l of ethoxypropyl acetate

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
1 800 mg/m³
Study duration:
chronic
Species:
rat
Quality of whole database:
Adequate for hazard and risk assessment purposes

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Basic data given; similar to guideline study
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 411 (Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Study pre-dated OECD test guidelines but study followed basic principles of current OECD guidelines
GLP compliance:
no
Limit test:
no
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
not specified
Sex:
male
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source:
- Age at study initiation:
- Weight at study initiation:
- Fasting period before study:
- Housing:
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Commercial rabbit chow (Rockland)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):
- Acclimation period:


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C):
- Humidity (%):
- Air changes (per hr):
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light):


IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:
Type of coverage:
occlusive
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on exposure:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: abdomen
- % coverage:
- Type of wrap if used: A pad of absorbent cotten, about 3 x 3 inches in size and sufficiently thick to just absorb the volume of test material, was applied to the clipped or shaved abdomen and covered with an impervious saran film about 5 x 5 inches. The saran film was covered with a heavy cloth, and the whole application was then strapped onto the animal with adhesive tape.
- Time intervals for shavings or clipplings:


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done):
- Time after start of exposure:


TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):
- Concentration (if solution):
- Constant volume or concentration used: yes/no
- For solids, paste formed: yes/no


VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water):
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):
- Concentration (if solution):
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity:


USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: yes/no
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Three months.
Frequency of treatment:
Five times per week
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 7.0 or 10.0 ml/kg
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight
No. of animals per sex per dose:
5 to 11
Control animals:
other: Yes, control animals were similarly exposed to water
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule:
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included.


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule:


DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for examinations:


BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Animals were weighed before the application of each daily dose of test material.


FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes / No / No data


FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes / No / No data


WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for examinations:


OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for examinations:
- Dose groups that were examined:


HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Before start of the study and on the 30th and 90th days of treatment.
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (identity) / No / No data
- Animals fasted: Yes / No / No data
- How many animals:
- Parameters examined: Hemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count (total and differential)


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for collection of blood:
- Animals fasted: Yes / No / No data
- How many animals:
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined.


URINALYSIS: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for collection of urine:
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes / No / No data
- Animals fasted: Yes / No / No data
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined.


NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes / No / No data
- Time schedule for examinations:
- Dose groups that were examined:
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other:


OTHER:
Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes: liver, kidneys, spleen, adrenals, heart, lungs and occasionally stomach.
Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Dermal irritation:
no effects observed
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Haematological findings:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
no effects observed
Details on results:
Doses of 7 and 10 ml/kg produced narcosis which generally led to the death of the animal. These animals showed a terminal loss in body weight, probably related to decreased food consumption. Deaths seen in the groups receiving 2 or 4 ml/kg were associated with respiratory infections and were not correlated with narcotic effects or histological changes in any of the organs examined except the lungs. These doses did not effect body weight gain.

Haematological parameters were normal, and organ weights were normal except in animals that died. No gross or histological pathology was seen in the lungs, heart, adrenals, testes, stomach or intestines of animals that survived the study. Animals that exhibited narcosis and died often showed pneumonia and empyema. Pyelonephritis or early interstitial nephritis was observed in occasional animals, and moderate to marked renal tubular necrosis was observed in three rabbits that died from the 7 or 10 ml/kg groups.

Careful gross and histological examinations of the skin revealed occasional scaling and erythema, but there was no significant difference between the skin of the treated animals and the control animals similarly treated with water only.

The study authors concluded that the dosage level of 2 ml/kg was well tolerated by the animals.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
2 other: ml/kg
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male
Basis for effect level:
other: overall effects clinical signs; mortality; body weight; food consumption
Critical effects observed:
not specified

 Dose (ml/kg)  No. Deaths / No. Treated
 0.0  0/5
 2.0  1/6*
 4.0  2/7*
 7.0  8/9
 10.0  11/11

* Deaths were associated with respiratory infections and were not attributed to the test material.

Executive summary:

In a 90-day dermal toxicity study, occluded application of methoxypropanol (a close structural analogue of the hydrolysis product of ethoxypropyl acetate) to the clipped abdominal skin of rabbits at doses of 7.0 ml/kg or higher 5 days per week resulted in narcosis and death. No effects were noted on body weight, organ weight or haematological parameters in animals that survived the study. Slight liver and kidney changes were noted at the higher doses. No effects seen on the skin by gross or histological examination. The study authors concluded that doses of 2 ml methoxypropanol/kg (1800 mg/kg) were well tolerated by the animals.

On a molar basis this would be equivalent to a dose of 2,920 mg/kg of ethoxypropyl acetate.

Endpoint conclusion
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
2 920 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:
subchronic
Species:
rat

Additional information

In a 28-day whole-body inhalation study in rats, exposure to ethoxypropyl acetate (EPA) vapour at concentrations up to 1200ppm (7.3mg/l for 6 hours per day, 5 days each week produced no signs of local or systemic toxicity. In a 90-day whole-body inhalation study in rats, exposure to ethoxypropanol (EP - the in vivo hydrolysis product of ethoxypropyl acetate) vapour at a concentration of 8.36 mg/l (1967 ppm) for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks resulted in clinical signs indicative of irritant properties, and reduced ‘startle response’ during exposure. Increases in liver weight were also noted in female rats exposed at the 8.36 mg/l exposure level. Animals exposed at concentrations of 1.266 or 0.426 mg/l (298 or 100 ppm, respectively) did not exhibit any evidence of adverse effects (clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, opthalmoscopy, haematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross or microscopic pathology). On the basis of these findings 1.266 mg/l (298 ppm) is considered to be a subchronic NOAEC for EP vapour. This is equivalent on a molar basis to an exposure of 1.812mg/l. EP is not the perfect surrogate for EPA in inhalation studies, as there is the possibility with the latter that hydrolysis in the upper respiratory tract could lead to local deposition of the hydrolysis product acetic acid, which could cause local irritation. However, this was not observed in the 28 day study at doses up to 7.3mg/l so it is considered reasonable that it would not be seen at the much lower dose of 1.8mg/l and therefore the value from the EP 90 day study is appropriate to define the DNEL.

In a 10-day oral gavage study in rats, daily doses of 2.0 ml/kg EP (the in vivo hydrolysis product of EPA) produced a small reduction in the growth rate of male animals and an ungroomed appearance and staining of the fur in both sexes. Small but statistically significant reductions in erythrocyte count, haematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were seen in treated males. Similar haematological changes were not seen in female animals and their toxicological significance in the male animals is not clear. Liver weights were increased in both male and female animals, but there were no histopathological findings in these livers. It was not possible to determine a no effect level from this study. For the purposes of deriving a NOAEL, route to route extrapolation from the 90 day study in ethoxypropanol described above can be made. The equivalent NOAEC for ethoxypropyl acetate in the latter was 1812mg/kg, which with a breathing rate of 0.29m3/kgbw (table R-8.2 of guidance) equates to 525mg/kgbw, assuming 100% absorption by both inhalation and oral routes.

Repeated occlusive dermal application of methoxypropanol (MP - the methyl analogue of EP) at doses of 6,400 or 9,200 mg/kg for 13 weeks produced narcosis and death in rabbits. Terminal body weights were significantly decreased at these dose levels. Narcosis related deaths were attributed to pneumonia and emphysema. At 9,200 mg/kg, kidney weights were significantly increased. Three rabbits that died exhibited moderate to marked renal tubular necrosis; other rabbits that died had slight granular degeneration of the renal tubules. Doses of 1,800mg/kg or less were well tolerated. On a molar basis this would equivalent to a dose of 2,920mg/kg of EPA. Since the dermal absorption of EPA is predicted to be considerably lower than MP, it is reasonable to assume that the dermal NOAEL for EPA would be in excess of this figure, so using it as a surrogate can be considered conservative.

In an in vitro human skin penetration study, undiluted MP applied to the outer surface of abdominal epidermis for 8 hours revealed an absorption rate of 1.17 mg/cm2/hr and a permeability constant of 12.5 mg/h x 104.


Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity inhalation - systemic effects endpoint:
Based on read across substance suitable for extrapolation for systemic effects.

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity dermal - systemic effects endpoint:
Based on read across substance suitable for extrapolation for systemic effects.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The direct and indirect evidence for the repeat dose toxicity of ethoxypropyl acetate indicates that repeat dose toxicity is very low and does not meet any of the criteria for classification for this end point.