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EC number: 201-746-1 | CAS number: 87-44-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
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- Auto flammability
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- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
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- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
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- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
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- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 16 April 2002 to 18 April 2002
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All concentrations and control
- Sampling method: Samples were taken after 0 h (new media) and 48 h (old media)
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored at 7 ± 2°C until the start of analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Three stock solutions with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L were prepared with dilution water one day prior to application. The stock solutions were shaken with 20 upm for 24 h. Undissolved particles of the test item were removed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. After centrifugation the three stock solutions were mixed together.
- Controls: Dilution water only
- Evidence of undissolved material: Undissolved particles were removed by centrifugation. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain/clone: STRAUS (Clone 5)
- Age at test start: 2 to 24 h old
- Feeding during test: Not reported
- Feeding during culturing:
- Food type: Mix of Desmodesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris
- Amount: > 10E6 cells/mL
- Frequency: 5 times weekly
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h in dilution water
- Acclimation conditions: Same as test
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: 2 to 24 h old daphnids for the test were obtained by removing the mother animals twice within 22 h. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 254 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1°C
- pH:
- 0 h: 7.85 to 8.25
48 h: 7.69 to 7.93 - Dissolved oxygen:
- 0 h: 8.57 to 8.75 mg/L
48 h: 7.92 to 8.42 mg/L - Conductivity:
- 688 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Dilutions of saturated solution: 1:16, 1:8, 1:4, 1:2 and 1:1
mean measured concentrations: 0.011, 0.021, 0.043, 0.085 and 0.17 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL glass beakers (5 cm inner diameter, 8 cm height)
- Type: Open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Filled with 20 mL dilution water
- Aeration: None reported
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: According to EEC 92/69 L383A C.2
- Culture medium different from test medium: Yes, culture medium was Elendt M4, modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and oxygen concentration were measured in one additional replicate per concentration and control group at the beginning of the test and in the old media in all replicates after 48 hours. The pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, conductivity, total hardness and temperature of the dilution water was determined prior to test start. The room temperature was recorded throughout the test.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, 1200 lux maximum
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Immobilisation was observed after 24 and 48 hours of exposure.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1:100, 1:10 and 1:1 dilutions of the test item
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes, definitive test item concentrations ranged from 1:16 to 1:1 of the test item - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.17 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: saturated concentration
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: No mortalities were observed in the control.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: The test item was clearly dissolved in all dilution levels of the saturated solution throughout exposure. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 value should be within 1.0 to 2.5 mg/L according to AQS: DIN Guideline 38412 L 30
- Limit test: No
- Dose-response test: Yes, test concentrations 0.58, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2 and 5.8 mg/L
- ECx: EC10 = 1.5 mg/L, EC50 = 2.1 mg/L (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.3 mg/L), EC100 = 5.8 mg/L at 24 hours - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC10, EC50 and EC100 values for the test item could not be determined.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No control Daphnia were immobilised or trapped on the water surface, the oxygen concentrations, pH values and the results for the reference substance were acceptable, and the real concentrations were calculated from mean measured concentrations.
- Conclusions:
- The 48-hour EC50 was >0.17 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The test item toxicity to Daphnia magna was determined in a 48 -hour static test. Daphnia were exposed to dilutions of a saturated test item solution, corresponding to mean measured concentrations of 0.011, 0.021, 0.043, 0.085 and 0.17 mg test item/L, alongside a dilution water control. The 48-hour EC50 was >0.17 mg/L. This study is reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1) as it was GLP-compliant and was conducted according to OECD TG 202 and EU Method C.2.
Reference
Table 1. Immobility results
Mean measured test concentrations (mg test item/L) | Mean % immobilisation at 24 h | Mean % immobilisation at 48 h |
Control | 0 | 0 |
0.011 | 0 | 0 |
0.021 | 0 | 0 |
0.043 | 0 | 0 |
0.085 | 0 | 0 |
0.17 | 0 | 5 |
Description of key information
The 48-hour EC50 was >0.17 mg/L (saturated solution). There was no acute toxicity up to the limit of solubility.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.17 mg/L
Additional information
The test item toxicity to Daphnia magna was determined in a 48 -hour static test (2002). Daphnia were exposed to dilutions of a saturated test item solution, corresponding to mean measured concentrations of 0.011, 0.021, 0.043, 0.085 and 0.17 mg test item/L, alongside a dilution water control. The 48-hour EC50 was >0.17 mg/L. No acute toxicity was observed up to the limit of solubility. This study is reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1) as it was GLP-compliant and was conducted according to OECD TG 202 and EU Method C.2.
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