4,7-dichloroquinoline

PBT assessment

PBT assessment: overall result

Reference

Name:

4,7-dichloroquinoline

Type of composition:

boundary composition of the substance

State / form:

solid: particulate/powder

Reference substance:

4,7-dichloroquinoline

PBT status:

the substance is not PBT / vPvB

Justification:

Classification of 4,7-Dichloroquinolinefor effects in the environment:

 

The chemical 4,7-Dichloroquinoline (CAS no. 86-98-6) is used as a drug chloroquine phosphate intermediate. It is also is used in the synthesis of hybrid aminoquinoline-triazine derivatives that show anti-microbial activity. In addition, it is used in the synthesis of novel oxazolidinones as anti-microbial agents showing efficacy against common bacterial strains.The aim was to assess whether the PBT criterion within Annex XIII was fulfilled for 4,7-Dichloroquinoline. The PBT criterion was herein assessed based on experimental data in conjunction with standardized environmental fate models. Here follows a description of the PBT assessment.

 

Persistence assessment

The tested substance does not fulfil the P criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Environmental fate

According to the fugacity model levels III, the most likely environmental fate for this test chemical is soil (i.e.estimated to 78.9%). In soil, 4,7-Dichloroquinoline was expected to have moderate mobility based upon a Log Koc of 2.270 ± 0.006 at 25°C as per the OECD TG 121. The half-life in soil (75 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in soil and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

 

If released in to the environment, 15.9% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III in EPI suite version 4.1 (2017). However, the half-life (37.5 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low.

 

Moreover, its persistent characteristic is only observed in the sediment compartment but Fugacity modelling shows that sediment is not an important environmental fate (less than 5% when estimated by EPI Suite version 4.1).

 

Hence it has been concluded that 4,7-Dichloroquinoline is not persistent in nature.

 

Bioaccumulation assessment

The tested substance does not fulfil the B criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Theestimated BCF value from authoritative database was determined to be in the range 7.05 to 224.51, respectively and the octanol water partition coefficient of the test chemical was determined to be 3.193 ± 0.001 at 25°Cas per the OECD guideline no. 107 & from other reliable sources, it was evaluated to be 3.57, respectively,which is less than the threshold of 4.5. If this chemical is released into the aquatic environment, there should be a low risk for the chemical to bioaccumulate in fish and food chains.

 

Toxicity assessment

The tested substance does not fulfil the T criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Mammals

The tested chemical is regarded to be not classified for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reprotoxicity, Further, there is no evidence of chronic toxicity, as identified by the classifications STOT (repeated exposure), category 1(oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume) or category 2 (oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume).

 

Aquatic organisms

All of the available short-term eco-toxicity estimations for fish for the substance 4,7-Dichloroquinoline (CAS no. 86-98-6) indicates the LC50 value to be ranges from 5.14 to 8.42 mg/l, respectively and on the basis of available studies as per OECD TG of invertebrates and algae for the substance, the LC50/EC50 value was determined to be 1.84 mg/l and 9.8 mg/l, respectively. These value suggest that the substance is likely to be hazardous to Aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and hence, considered to be classified in ‘aquatic chronic category 2’ as per the CLP regulation.

 

There are no available long-term toxicity evaluations for 4,7-Dichloroquinoline. By speculation, long-term NOEC for aquatic organisms were not expected for the substance at concentration below 0.01 mg/L based on the data mentioned above.

 

The chemical was therefore not considered as hazardous to aquatic environments as per the criteria set out in Annex XIII.

 

 

Conclusion

Based on critical, independent and collective evaluation of information summarized herein, the tested compound does not fulfils the P, B and T criterion and has therefore not been classified as a PBT compound within Annex XIII.