2,9-bis(4-chlorophenyl)anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Start of sperimental phase: 11May 2017; End of experimental phase: 29 May 2017; Study completion: 13 September 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2017

Report date:

2017

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

Adopted July 1997

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2,9-bis(4-chlorophenyl)anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone

EC Number:

219-166-2

EC Name:

2,9-bis(4-chlorophenyl)anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone

Cas Number:

2379-77-3

Molecular formula:

C36H16Cl2N2O4

IUPAC Name:

2,9-bis(4-chlorophenyl)anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Method

Target gene:

the test item for the ability to induce gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, as measured by reversion of auxotrophic strains to prototrophy

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Permanent stocks of these strains are kept at -80°C in RTC. Overnight subcultures of these
stocks were prepared for each day’s work. Bacteria were taken from vials of frozen cultures,
which had been checked for the presence of the appropriate genetic markers, as follows:
Histidine requirement No Growth onMinimal plates+Biotin.Growth onMinimal plates+Biotin+Histidine.
Tryptophan requirement No Growth onMinimal agar plates.Growth onMinimal plates+Tryptophan.
-uvrA, uvrB : Sensitivity to UV irradiation.
-rfa : Sensitivity to Crystal Violet.
- pKM101: Resistance to Ampicillin.
Bacterial cultures in liquid and on agar were clearly identified with their identity

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

liver S9 fraction from rats pre-treated with phenobarbital and 5,6-benzoflavone.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Preliminary Toxicity test: 2500, 791, 250, 79.1 and 25.0 µg/plate ( based on solubility test).

Main Assay I: +/- S9: 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate

Main Assay II: +/- S9: 1250, 625, 313, 156 and 78.1 µg/plate.

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: compatible with the survival of the bacteria and the S9 metabolic activity.

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

methylmethanesulfonate

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

Marked increases in revertant numbers were obtained in these tests following treatment with the positive control items, indicating that the assay system was functioning correctly.

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

The preliminary toxicity test and the first experiment were perfomed using a plate-incorporation method. The second experiment was performed using a pre-incubation method.

Evaluation criteria:

For the test item to be considered mutagenic, two-fold (or more) increases in mean revertant numbers must be observed at two consecutive dose levels or at the highest practicable dose level only. In addition, there must be evidence of a dose-response relationship showing increasing numbers of mutant colonies with increasing dose levels.

Statistics:

Doubling rate ( Chu et al. 1981); Regression line

Results and discussion

Test results

Key result

Species / strain:

other: S.typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100; E.coli WP2 uvrA

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

Toxicity test and Main Assay I :Slight toxicity was seen with TA1535, TA1537 and TA100 tester strains at the highest dose level, both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolism.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The test item did not induce relevant increases in the number of revertant colonies, at any dose level, in any tester strain, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

It is concluded that the test item Vat Red 32 does not induce reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism, under the reported experimental conditions.

Executive summary:

The test item Vat Red 32 was examined for the ability to induce gene mutations in tester strains of Salmonella typhimuriumand Escherichia coli, as measured by reversion of auxotrophic strains to prototrophy. The five tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP2 uvrAwere used. Experiments were performed both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation, using liver S9 fraction from rats pre-treated with phenobarbital and 5,6-benzoflavone. The test item was used as a suspension/solution in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).

Toxicity test:

As limited by solubility, the test item Vat Red 32 was assayed in the toxicity test at a maximum concentration of 2500 µg/plate and at four lower concentrations spaced at approximately half-log intervals: 791, 250, 79.1 and 25.0 µg/plate. Precipitation of the test item was observed with all tester strains at the two highest dose levels, both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolism. Slight toxicity was seen with TA1535, TA1537 and TA100 tester strains at the highest dose level, both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolism. No relevant increases in revertant numbers were observed with any tester strain, at any dose level, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism.

Main Assays:

On the basis of toxicity test results, inMain Assay I, using the plate incorporation method, the test item was assayed at a maximun dose level of 2500 µg/plate and at four lower dose levels spaced by a factor of two: 1250, 625, 313, 156 µg/plate. Dose-related precipitation of the test item was seen with all tester strains at the two highest dose levels, both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation. A slight toxicity was observed with TA1535, TA1537 and TA100 tester strains at the highest dose level, both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolism. As no relevant increase in revertant numbers was observed at any concentration tested, a Main Assay II was performed and a pre-incubation step was included for all treatments. Due to DMSO toxicity, the volume of vehicle and test item suspensions/solutions that can be used with the pre-incubation method is 50 µL, therefore the maximum practicable concentration was 1250 µg/plate. The test item was assayed at the following dose levels: 1250, 625, 313, 156 and 78.1 µg/plate. No precipitation of the test item was observed at the end of the incubation period at any concentration tested, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolic activation. No toxicity was observed with any tester strain at any dose level, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism. The test item did not induce relevant increases in the number of revertant colonies, at any dose level, in any tester strain, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the test item Vat Red 32 does not induce reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism, under the reported experimental conditions. RTC