Anthracene

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Acute lethal toxicity of hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to two planktonic crustaceans: the key role of organism-water partitioning

Author:

Abernethy S, Bobra AM, Shiu WY, Wells PG, Mackay D

Year:

1986

Bibliographic source:

Aquat. Toxicol. 8, 163-174 (1986)

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

A predictive correlation for the acute toxicity of hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to the water flea (Daphnia magna)

Author:

Bobra AM, Shiu WY, Mackay D

Year:

1983

Bibliographic source:

Chemosphere 12, 1121-1129 (1983)

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Age of daphnia: 4 - 6 days

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: Acute Daphnia study, static, closed system, without UV light

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Anthracene

EC Number:

204-371-1

EC Name:

Anthracene

Cas Number:

120-12-7

Molecular formula:

C14H10

IUPAC Name:

anthracene

Details on test material:

- Sorurce: commercial
- Purity >= 97 %

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Aqueous saturated stock solution in distilled water, obtained by vigorous stirring (magnetic stirrer)
with excess test material under sealed conditions. Afterwards, 48 h settling before start of the bioassay.
- Differential loading: no, dilutions from stock solution

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: Laboratory culture of parthenogenetic females
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 4 - 6 days
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): mean 1.5 mm
- Method of breeding: Stock culture held in distilled water at about pH 6.5
- Feeding during test: no
- Food type: trout chow and algae

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

under sealed conditions

Test conditions

Hardness:

--

Test temperature:

23 +-2 °C

pH:

--

Dissolved oxygen:

>= 5 mg/L

Salinity:

--

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no data: 5 test concentrations

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 33 mL, no headspace
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 (Bobra et al 1983)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2 -4 (Bobra et al 1983)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): same as tests
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): same as tests
- Biomass loading rate: no data

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: distilled

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: no data

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): mortality

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Phenol

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 36 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

estimated

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: LC50 = 0.5 of the saturated solution; without UV

Details on results:

LC50 was not measured or derived from a definite nominal concentration, but derived from the known (prior determined) maximum water solubility (saturated solution). Water saturation was assumed to be 0.4 µmol/L = 72 µg/L (Data from Mackay, D.; Shiu, W.Y. 1981: A critical review of Henry´s Law Constants for chemicals of environmental interest. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 10, 1175-1199).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

O2 content >=5 mg/L; mortality in controls =< 10 %

Conclusions:

The LC50 was found to be within the range of water solubility without the influence of UV light.