Anthracene

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions: Documentation limited, but individual revertant counts are available.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1986

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Preincubation method with and without metabolic acitvation from rat + hamster (strains: (TA 97), TA98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537), according to Haworth S et al.: Environ. Mutagen. 5, Suppl. 1, 3-142 (1983)

GLP compliance:

no

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Anthracene

EC Number:

204-371-1

EC Name:

Anthracene

Cas Number:

120-12-7

Molecular formula:

C14H10

IUPAC Name:

anthracene

Details on test material:

- Analytical purity: 82 - 98 % (no explanation for the range)
- Other: from Eastman Chemical Prod.
- impurities: no data

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

from male Syrian hamster and male SD rat liver, either Arochlor-induced

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

33 - 10,000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

not specified

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

not specified

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Remarks:

precipitation at >= 1000 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

positive

Remarks:

with >= 10 % S9 from hamster liver (negative or only slight positive trend in the presence of S9 from rat liver) [see Report Appendix 2, Table No 17]

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: strain/cell type: S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 98

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive with metabolic activation in TA 100 only using S9 mix from hamster liver

The result is considered reliable.

Executive summary:

In a comprehensive screening programme ( National Toxicology Program, NTP) using the preincubation variant with Salmonella TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 with and without metabolic activation from two liver sources (rat and hamster), weakly mutagenic activity was found in TA100 in the presence of 10 % or higher of hamster-liver S9 mix, while at 4 % no mutagenic activity was observed. The use of S9 mix of rat liver failed to induce mutagenic activity or showed only a slight positive trend.