Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate

Ecotoxicological Summary

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.14 µg/L

Assessment factor:

50

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.014 µg/L

Assessment factor:

500

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC STP

PNEC value:

235 µg/L

Assessment factor:

10

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.261 mg/kg sediment dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.026 mg/kg sediment dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Hazard for air

Air

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC soil

PNEC value:

0.005 mg/kg soil dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no potential for bioaccumulation

Additional information

This substance is a member of the category of "Platinum(IV) substances". As such,

the data requirements for this substance are covered by relevant and reliable experimental test data generated for all members of this category via a read-across approach.

A read-across justification report and PNEC derivation report are attached in IUCLID Annex 13.

Conclusion on classification

Environmental classification for the platinum(IV) substances under consideration is based on the lowest acute and chronic threshold values from the Pt(IV) ecotoxicity test data:

-acute ERV: lowest acute threshold value is 99 µg Pt/L (geometric mean EC50 value with D. magna, based on the experimental results for hexachloroplatinic acid (n=3), dihydrogen hexahydroxoplatinate and diammonium hexachloroplatinate)

-chronic ERV: lowest chronic threshold value is 7 µg Pt/L (NOEC value (calculated as EC16/2) with D. magna, based on the experimental results for hexachloroplatinic acid.

The derivation of both ERV values is detailed in the read-across justification report (cfr. IUCLID Section 13) and PNEC derivation report (cfr. IUCLID Section 13).

For classification purposes, these ERVs have been recalculated to the values expressed as the concentration of the substance (conversion based on molecular weight conversion from soluble ion to the substance considered – cfr. details in below table). This results in a classification as Acute Category 1 and Chronic Category 1 for all substances contained in the below table. Acute and chronic M-factors are based on the value of the substance-specific acute and chronic ERV, as outlined in ECHA Guidance on the application of the CLP criteria (version 5.0; ECHA, 2017) - cfr. below table.

However, and as explained in the read-across justification document attached in IUCLID section 13, for platinum (IV) substances, there is some uncertainty related to potential observed (and currently unexplained) differences in effects thresholds observed between chloride and hydroxide coordinated Pt(IV) substances. As will be shown, under ecologically relevant conditions, they will all respeciate to a similar [Pt(OH)₂]⁰species. However, the kinetics of this process are currently unknown.

Therefore, the approach for hazard assessment and classification considers these potential/temporal differences in toxicity due to the co-ordinating ligands: the classification is derived based on the substance specific test data and based on the test data for the category as described below. The most conservative classification will be applied.

				Classification using category data				Classification using substance specific data
	Molecular formula	MW	Pt (wt%)	Acute ERV (µg TI/L)	Chronic ERV (µg TI/L)	Aq Acute classif	Aq Chron classif	Acute ERV (µg TI/L)	Chronic ERV (µg TI/L)	Aq Acute classif	Aq Chron classif
Diammonium hexachloroplatinate	(NH4)2[PtCl6]	443.87	43.9	221.7	15.9	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1	284 (Simon,2014)$	17 (Biesinger&Christensen,1972)$	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1
Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate	K2[PtCl6]	485.98	40.1	242.7	17.4	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1	51 (Moll&Wydra,2005)£	17 (Biesinger&Christensen, 1972)£	Aq Acute 1, M=10	Aq Chron 1, M=10
Hexachloroplatinic acid	H2[PtCl6]	409.8	47.6	204.7	14.7	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1	60.8 (Moll&Wydra,2005)*	14 (Biesinger&Christensen, 1972)*	Aq Acute 1, M=10	Aq Chron 1, M=10
Dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate	H2[PtOH6]	299.14	65.2	149.4	10.7	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1	742 (Simon, 2014)+	946 (Wenzel, 2014)+	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1
Dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol (1:2)	(HO-C2H4-NH3)2Pt(OH)6	421.3	46.3	210.4	15.1	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1	682 (Wenzel, 2016)%	39 (Wenzel, 2016)%	Aq Acute 1, M=1	Aq Chron 1, M=1

* Environmental classification is assessed based on the lowest acute and chronic values from ecotoxicity tests performed with the substance itself. For this substance, the lowest acute value is a 48-hour EC50 of 0.0608 mg test item L-1 (0.0205 mg Pt L-1) for aquatic invertebrates(mobility) and the lowest chronic value is a 21-day NOEC value of 0.007 mg Pt L-1 (0.014 mg test item L-1) for Daphnia, based on reproduction. A full chronic dataset (fish, Daphnia and algae) is not available for this substance, therefore classification has been assessed based on both the acute and chronic data, with the worst case classification assigned. An environmental classification of Acute Category 1, Chronic Category 1 is assigned to this substance, based on the acute data. As the lowest EC50 value is >0.01 ≤ 0.1 an acute M factor of 10 is assigned. A chronic M factor of 10 is also assigned, to match the acute M factor, as the classification has been determined based on acute data.

$ Environmental classification is assessed based on the lowest acute and chronic values from ecotoxicity tests. Algae and fish toxicity values are read across from hexachloroplatinic acid. The lowest acute value is a 48-hour EC50 of 0.284 mg diammonium hexachloroplatinate L-1 (0.108 mg Pt L-1) based on the short-term toxicity study on aquatic invertebrates performed with the substance itself. The lowest chronic value is a 21-day NOEC value of 0.007 mg Pt L-1 for Daphnia, based on reproduction, read across from hexachloroplatinic acid. Converting the NOEC value to a concentration of diammonium hexachloroplatinate based on molecular weight gives a NOEC of 0.016 mg diammonium hexachloroplatinate L-1. As a complete chronic dataset (fish, Daphnia and algae) is not available, classification is assessed based on both the acute and chronic data and the worst case classification assigned to the substance. Based on the acute data, an environmental classification of Acute Category 1, Chronic Category 1 is assigned to this substance. As the lowest EC50 value is >0.1 ≤ 1 an acute M factor of 1 is assigned. A chronic M factor of 1 is also assigned, to match the acute M factor, as the classification has been determined based on acute data. 

£ Environmental classification is assessed based on the lowest acute and chronic values from ecotoxicity tests. For this substance, all values are read across from hexachloroplatinic acid. For classification purposes, these values have been expressed as concentrations of dipotassium hexachloroplatinate, converted based on molecular weight. The lowest acute value is a 48-hour EC50 of 0.0205 mg Pt L-1for aquatic invertebrates(mobility) and the lowest chronic value is a 21-day NOEC value of 0.007 mg Pt L-1 for Daphnia, based on reproduction. This results in an EC50 of 0.051 mg dipotassium hexachloroplatinate L-1 and a NOEC of 0.017 mg dipotassium hexachloroplatinate L- 1. A full chronic dataset (fish, Daphnia and algae) is not available for this substance, therefore classification has been assessed based on both the acute and chronic data, with the worst case classification assigned. An environmental classification of Acute Category 1, Chronic Category 1 is assigned to this substance, based on acute data. As the lowest EC50 value is >0.01 ? 0.1 an acute M factor of 10 is assigned. A chronic M factor of 10 is also assigned, to match the acute M factor, as the classification has been determined based on acute data  

+ Environmental classification is assessed based on the lowest acute and chronic values from ecotoxicity tests performed with the substance itself. The lowest acute value is a 48 -hour EC50 of 0.742 mg test item L-1 (0.481 mg Pt L-1) for aquatic invertebrates(mobility) and the lowest chronic value is a 72-hour NOEC of 0.946 mg test item L-1 (0.613 mg Pt L-1) for algae (yield and growth rate). For this substance, the only chronic data available is an algal NOEC, therefore classification is assessed based on both the acute and chronic data and the worst case classification assigned to the substance. Based on these results, an environmental classification of Acute Category 1, Chronic Category 1 is assigned. As the lowest EC50 value is >0.1 ≤ 1 an acute M factor of 1 is assigned. A chronic M factor of 1 is also assigned, to match the acute M factor, as the classification has been determined based on acute data.   

% Environmental classification is assessed based on the lowest acute and chronic values from ecotoxicity tests. A full base set of ecotoxicity data are available for this substance, and both platinum and 2-aminoethanol concentrations were analysed in the studies. For fish and Daphnia, no effects were observed up to the highest test concentration. Classification of this substance is therefore based on the algal results and test item concentrations in the study were determined based on measured platinum concentrations. The lowest acute value is a 48-hour EC50 of 0.682 mg test item L-1 (growth rate) and the lowest chronic value is a 72-hour EC10 of 0.039 mg test item L-1 (growth rate). For this substance, the only chronic data available is an algal EC10, therefore classification is assessed based on both the acute and chronic data and the worst case classification assigned to the substance. Based on these results, an environmental classification of Acute Category 1, Chronic Category 1 is assigned to this substance. As the lowest EC50 value is >0.1 ≤ 1 an acute M factor of 1 is assigned. A chronic M factor of 1 is also assigned, to match the acute M factor, as the classification has been determined based on acute data.