4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Estimated data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.4

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material : 4-(2-aminoethyl) phenol
- Common name : Tyramine
- Molecular formula : C8H11NO
- Molecular weight : 137.1809 g/mol
- Smiles notation : NCCc1ccc(O)cc1
- InChl : 1S/C8H11NO/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7/h1-4,10H,5-6,9H2
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Tetrahymena pyriformis

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: IGC50

Effect conc.:

531.212 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

estimated

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

other: Growth

Remarks on result:

other: Other details not known

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: IGC50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" )  and "f" )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and "i" )  and ("j" and ( not "k") )  )  and "l" )  and "m" )  and "n" )  and "o" )  and ("p" and "q" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Primary amines by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Amines AND Phenols (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Michael addition AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Alkyl phenols by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Weak binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Phenols by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 2 (less inert compounds) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Amines AND Phenol Amines AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety OR Aldehydes (Mono) OR Amides OR Anilines (Hindered) OR Anilines (Unhindered) OR Benzyl Alcohols OR Benzyl Nitriles OR Esters OR Hydroquinones OR Phenols, Poly by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule Oasis ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non-Metals by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Halogens by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Similarity boundary:Target: NCCc1ccc(O)cc1
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Similarity boundary:Target: NCCc1ccc(O)cc1
Threshold=80%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Very fast by Bioaccumulation - metabolism half-lives ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Phenols and Anilines by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 0.619

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 1.16

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The IGC50 value was estimated to be 531.2 mg/l when 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (Tyramine) (51-67-2) exposed to Tetrahymena pyriformis for 48hrs.

Executive summary:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on microorganism Tetrahymena pyriformis predicted for The IGC50 value was estimated to be 531.2 mg/l when 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (Tyramine) (51-67-2) exposed to Tetrahymena pyriformis for 48hrs.

Description of key information

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on microorganism Tetrahymena pyriformis predicted for The IGC50 value was estimated to be 531.2 mg/l when 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (Tyramine) (51-67-2) exposed to Tetrahymena pyriformis for 48hrs.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:

531.2 mg/L

Additional information

Based on the various predicted data for the target chemical and experimental data for structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of target chemical 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (Tyramine) (51-67-2) on the growth of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:   

 

The first weight of evidence for the target chemical 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (Tyramine) (51-67-2) from SSS QSAR 2017 prediction done done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on microorganism Tetrahymena pyriformis predicted for The IGC50 value was estimated to be 531.2 mg/l when 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (Tyramine) (51-67-2) exposed to Tetrahymena pyriformis for 48hrs.

 

First predicted data was supported by the second experimental weight of evidence study for the read across chemical (106-44-5) from authoritative database (HSDB and ECOTOX 2018). Aim of this study was to assess the effect of chemical p-cresol on the growth of microorganisms Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate). Test conducted under the static system for total exposure period of 48 hrs. ≥ 3 replicates were used. Based on the population growth rate inhibition of test organism Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate) due to the chemical p-cresol, the IC50 was determine to be 157 mg/l. Thus based on the IC50, chemical p-cresol was consider as nontoxic.

 

Similarly in the third weight of evidence study for another read across chemical (105-13-5) from handbook or collection of data 2011 study was conducted. Aim of this study was to determine the nature of chemical on the growth of microorganisms. Oleaginous yeast, Lipomyces starkeyi (IFO10381) was maintained on YM agar. The compound as a methanol solution was added to 5 mL of broth in a test tube to produce final concentrations of 20 or 200 mg/L compound and 1% (v/v) methanol at the start of the culture. As a control, 1% methanol was added to the broth. Yeasts were cultivated using a rotary shaker (120 rpm) at 27 °C for 7 days. The compound as a methanol solution was added to 5 mL of broth in a test tube to produce final concentrations of 20 or 200 mg/L compound and 1% (v/v) methanol at the start of the culture. As a control, 1% methanol was added to the broth. Yeasts were cultivated using a rotary shaker (120 rpm) at 27 °C for 7 days. Antifungal activity of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was tested at the dose concentrations of 20 and 200 mg/L on the fungi Lipomyces starkeyi IFO10381 for a duration of 7 days. The substance inhibited fungal growth by 14% at both concentrations.

 

Based on the overall studies for the target chemical 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (Tyramine) (51-67-2) from QSAR toolbox 2018 and for the read across chemical from HSDB and ECOTOX 2018 and handbook or collection of data 2011, chemical was consider as nontoxic.