2-octyldodecyl 12-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]octadecanoate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Remarks:

Summary of available data used for the endpoint assessment of the target substance.

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

assessment report

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Source: CAS 93803-87-3, Croda, 1998, C. carpio

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 3 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Source: CAS 3687-46-5, BASF, 1994, D. rerio

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Source: CAS 36078-10-1, Dako, 2013, D. rerio

Conclusions:

No short-term toxicity to fish were recorded up to the limit of water solubility (OECD 203/EU method C.1, D. rerio/C. carpio, 96 h).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

20 Apr - 24 Apr 1998

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Two stock solutions were prepared in water at nominal 1 and 100 mg/L. applying magnetic stirring for ca. 23 h to achieve maximum soluble fraction of the test substance in the test medium. Subsequently, these stock solutions were transferred to a separating funnel and left tot stabilize for ca. 4 h. The water phase in the middle of the separating funnel was used for testing. Both solutions were clear and colourless.
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: yes
- Controls: yes, water control

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: carp
- Source: Obtained from Bio International, Roermond, The Netherlands (F1 from a single parent-pair nred om UV-treated water)
- Length at study initiation: 2.09 +/- 0.10 cm
- Weight at study initiation: 0.22 +/- 0.04 g
- Feeding during test: none

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 12 days after delivery.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: Commercial fish feed "Trouvit"
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Mortality seven days prior to the start of the test was less than 5%.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

250 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

20.1 - 20.6 °C

pH:

7.8 - 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

6.9 - 9.3 mg O2/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0, 10 and 100 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: all-glass vessels
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: all glass, 4 L, headspace: 1.5 L, fill volume: 2.5 L
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.77 g/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ISO-medium, formulated using Milli-RO water (tap water purified by reverse osmosis) with the following composition: Ca2+ 80 mg/L, Mg2+ 12 mg/L, Na+ 15 mg/L, K+ 3 mg/L, Cl- 145 mg/L, SO4 2- 49 mg/L, HCO3 47 mg/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Oxygen, pH, nitrate and nitrite and ammonia concentration were measured once a week.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality was observed after 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

pentachlorophenol

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: A thin test substance film was observed on the surface after 24 h for the 10 mg/L test concentration after 24 h. A test substance film was observed on the surface for the 100 mg/L test concentration after 24 h.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality: yes
- LC50: Between 0.10 - 0.15 mg/L

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

11 Apr 1994 - 15 Apr 1994

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Temperature deviated more than +/- 1 °C and the O2-saturation was slightly lower (54-56%) at the end of the 24 h incubation period (in four of six cases).

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 1000, 10000 mg/L

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test substance was added directly to the test vessels (drinking water) and stirred for 10 seconds with an ultraturrax.
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: yes
- Controls: yes, water control
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): The test substance floated on top of the surface in the test vessels and the water was slightly turbid in all test concentrations.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: zebrafish
- Source: Fa. Westaquarium (obtained on 15 Dec 1993)
- Food type: Altromin N 1324 spezial 140694 0825

ACCLIMATION
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): mortality < 0.1% prior to study initiation

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

20.5 - 23.5 °C

pH:

7.6 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

52 - 97%

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: control - 1000 - 3000 - 10000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Fill volume: 5 L
- Aeration: yes
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): every 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: drinking water

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality after 0, 4-6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: < 3.3

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 3 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: No behavioural abnormalities were reported
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: The nominal test concentrations exceeded the water solubility of the test substance. The test substance floated on top of the water in the test vessels and the water was turbid.

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

A mortality of 70% was observed after 72 and 96 h in the highest test concentration of 10000 mg/L. It is reported that the test substance floated on top of the water in the test vessels and the O2-saturation after 24 h was lower then the O2 -saturation limit stated in the guideline. This might also be a reason for the observed effects at the highest test concentration.

It is reported that the chemical analysis of TOC and DOC is not the appropriate method for highly insoluble substances in water.

Table 1: Mortality [%]

Concentration [mg/L]	Duration [h]
	0	4-6	24	48	72	96
0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1000	0	0	0	0	0	0
3000	0	0	0	0	0	0
10000	0	0	0	0	70	70

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

03 Dec - 07 Dec 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: Samples were taken from the control and the exposure vessel (100 mg/L).
- Sampling method: Sampling at start (0 h) and end (96 h), 4.8 mL were taken from the test and the control aquarium for chemical analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Sample storage in 4 mL brown glass vials (filled up to the brim to avoid oxidative processes), maximum storage period of 8 d at 5 °C ± 3 °C before analysis.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Due to sparingly soluble properties of the test item, the study was performed with the water accommodated fraction (WAF) prepared with synthetic fish water according to OECD 203. The test solutions were withdrawn from the middle of the suspension og the beakers after 1 h settling using a glass tube and transferred into the test vessels (aquarium).
Two beakers were prepared like this and stirred for a period of 48 h at 12-22 °C in diffuse light. For stirring an overhead high-grade stainless steel radial impeller was used (about 500 rpm). The impeller was placed about 5 cm above the bottom of the beakers. The depth of the vortex was about 10% of the total height of the liquid. The test item is very mobile and was therefore added by pipetting. According to the density indicated by the sponsor of 0.8529 g/cm3 the amount to be added was converted into volume.
The filtration of the WAF to obtain the water soluble fraction (WSF) was not taken into consideration to avoid unwanted impacts of the filtration process and to have a worst case scenario.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): Slightly whitish oily spots were still floating on the surface of the solutions. The test solutions were withdrawn from the middle of the suspension on the beakers using a glass tube and transferred into the test vessels (aquarium).

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: zebra fish
- Source: Aquarium Dietzenbach Fischzucht, Dietzenbach, Germany, delivery date: 20 Nov 2012
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2 ± 1 cm
- Feeding during test: none

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 8 days before the test started.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Feeding frequency: 2 x every working day.
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality, the fish behaved normally.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

22.3 - 23.9 °C

pH:

8.0 - 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

Control: 7.9 - 8.6 mg O2/L
100 mg/L: 7.9 - 8.7 mg O2/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: control, 100 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Size: 8 L aquarium
- Aeration: yes
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to guideline
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 14 h light / 10 h dark

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): mortality every 24 h (and 6 h after study initiation); behavioural abnormalities

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

>= 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Mortality of control: no

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

No fish died or showed any abnormal behaviour during the 96 h exposure period.

Description of key information

No effects up to the limit of water solubility (OECD 203/EU method C.1, D. rerio/C. carpio, 96 h); read-across

Additional information

There is no study available assessing the short-term toxicity of the target substance 2-octyldodecyl 12-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]octadecanoate (CAS 90052-75-8) to fish. Therefore, read-across to the structurally related source substances 2-octyldodecyl isooctadecanoate (CAS 93803-87-3), 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, decyl ester (CAS 3687-46-5) and Lauryl Oleate (CAS 36078-10-1) was conducted in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XI, 1.5. The source substances are characterized by similar fatty acid chain lengths as well as alcohol components and are therefore considered suitable representatives for the assessment of the acute toxicity of the target substance to fish. A detailed read-across justification is provided in the analogue justification in IUCLID section 13.

The study with the source substance 2-octyldodecyl isooctadecanoate (CAS 93803-87-3) was performed according to the OECD Guideline 203 and EU method C.1 under GLP conditions (Croda, 1998). In a static test, C. carpio was exposed to water accommodated fractions with nominal loading rates of 10 and 100 mg/L test item. A chemical analysis of the test item concentrations in the test vessels was not possible, because no suitable analytical method could be established due to the very low water solubility of the test item. After 96 h, no mortality was observed and the derived LL50 was > 100 mg/L (nominal). Based on this finding, it is concluded that no toxic effects on fish are expected up to the limit of water solubility of the source substance.

The study with the source substance 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, decyl ester (CAS 3687-46-5) was conducted according to EU method C.1 and GLP (BASF, 1994). In a semi-static test, D. rerio was exposed to three nominal concentrations of 1000, 3000, and 10000 mg/L test item for 96 h. The test solutions were prepared by directly adding the test item to the media which was then stirred for 10 s by ultraturrax. After 72 h and 96 h a mortality of 70% was recorded at the highest concentration of 10000 mg/L. However, this was considered to be a physical effect since insoluble particles of the test item floated on the water surface and the O2 concentration after 24 h was lower than the defined validity criterion of the guideline. Therefore, this concentration was not taken into account and the derived LC50 (96 h) was > 3000 mg/L (nominal), which is still far above the limit of water solubility (< 1 mg/L). Based on the available study, it can be concluded that the source substance does not exhibit short-term effects to fish up to the limit of water solubility.

The study with the source substance Lauryl Oleate (CAS 36078-10-1) was conducted according to the OECD guideline 203 and GLP (Dako, 2013). In a limit test, D. rerio was exposed to a water accommodated fraction with a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L for 96 h. The test item concentration was analytically verified by GM-MS at the start (0 h) and end of the test (96 h). After 96 h, no effects on mortality were observed and the derived LL50 (96 h) is > 100 mg/L (nominal). The chemical analysis resulted in concentrations below the analytical detection limit of 0.005 mg/L, reflecting the very low water solubility of the test item. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the source substance does not cause acute toxic effects on fish up to the limit of water solubility.

 

Based on the structural and chemical similarity of the target and source substances, the target substance is expected to exhibit a similar ecotoxicological profile. Therefore, it can be concluded that the target substance 2-octyldodecyl 12-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]octadecanoate (CAS 90052-75-8) does not cause short-term toxic effects on fish up to the limit of water solubility.