Pent-1-ene

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a liquid

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Reference 2

Endpoint:

pyrophoric liquids

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

the study does not need to be conducted because the organic substance does not contain metals or metalloids and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

Justification for type of information:

JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING
According to ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (v5.0, July 2017, §2.9.), the chemical structure (hydrocarbon) does not fall into critical categories (eg organo-metals/metalloids, organo-phosphines, hydrides, their derivatives and haloacetylene derivatives), and the experience in handling, testing and use of the substance shows that the liquid does not ignite spontaneously.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

self-heating substances / mixtures

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a liquid

Justification for type of information:

JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING
According to ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (v5.0, July 2017, §2.11.4.2.), the phenomenon of self-heating generally applies only to solids. The surface of liquids is not large enough for reaction with air, and the test method (UN N4) is not applicable to liquids. Therefore liquids, unless adsorbed, are not classified as self-heating.
Moreover, the chemical structure (hydrocarbon) does not contain metals or metalloids, which are typically self-heating substances

Reference 4

Endpoint:

substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the organic substance does not contain metals or metalloids and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

the study does not need to be conducted because the experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water

Justification for type of information:

JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING
According to ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (v5.0, July 2017, §2.12.), the chemical structure (hydrocarbon) does not fall into critical categories (eg no metals or metalloids), and the experience in handling, testing and use of the substance shows no hazardous reaction.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

not specified

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Recognised data source, considered as reliable, but raw data with no details.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

not specified

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

1.5 vol%

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

8.7 vol%

Executive summary:

The substance is a volatile liquid. The CRC Handbook provides flammable limits in the range 1.5 - 8.7 %vol in air.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Type of information:

not specified

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Recognised data source, considered as reliable, but raw data with no details.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

not specified

Parameter:

lower explosion limit

Value:

1.6 % (not further specified)

Parameter:

upper explosion limit

Value:

8.7 % (not further specified)

Explosive Limits & Potential:

LOWER 1.6%; UPPER 8.7%

[Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 5th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1979., p. 375] **PEER REVIEWED**

Executive summary:

The substance is a volatile liquid.

The HSDB database provides, as secondary source, physico-chemical data on the substance.

Explosive/flammable limits, cited from the Sax's handbook, are in the range 1.6 - 8.7 %.

Description of key information

Flash Point = -18°C (open cup); boiling point = 29.9°C : Flammable Liquid cat.1 (CLP/GHS)

Not pyrophoric. No release of flammable gases if contact with water. No self-heating anticipated. (waived)

Under gas form (i.e. above 30°C), explosion limits between ca 1.5 and 8.7%vol in air.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

flammable

Additional information

As the substance is a liquid, the relevant test for flammable properties is the Flash Point measurement. Reliable data is presented under IUCLID section 4.11.

Based on the chemical structure and experience, no flammable properties are anticipated if contact with air or water, or no self-heating for liquids, therefore studies were deemed unnecessary.

Moreover, considering the substance is very volatile, and borderline to the definition of a gas, supporting literature sources are provided regarding flammability limits; the range covering the two references considered as reliable is retained.

Justification for classification or non-classification

According to both Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008 (CLP) and UN Globally Harmonised System (GHS) criteria, the measured flash point is below the threshold value of 23, and the boiling point is below the threshold value of 35°C, therefore the substance is considered as a Flammable Liquid cat.1.